A day of Brahma; a cosmic age
Sanskrit 'kalpa' (aeon, order); a vast cosmic time-cycle equal to one day in the life of Brahma the creator, lasting 4.32 billion human years, at the end of which the universe dissolves and is recreated.
The sheer scale of a kalpa is meant to humble human self-importance — against a canvas of billions of years, personal worries shrink into their true, transient proportion.
The holiest Jain festival of the year — eight to ten days of fasting, scriptural study, and self-reflection, culminating in Samvatsari and the universal plea for forgiveness, Micchami Dukkadam.
The Vedic Science of Sacred Resolve
The State of Omniscience
The fourth Tirthankara, born with golden radiance to King Samvara and Queen Siddhartha at Ayodhya, traded his throne for the harder crown of liberation.
Bhadrabahu, the last Shrutakevali to hold the Jain canon complete in memory, presided over the famine that split Jain memory of him between Karnataka and Nepal.
Ajitanatha, born to King Jitashatru and Queen Vijaya at Ayodhya, became the second Tirthankara whose name declares victory over inner enemies, not outer ones.