Shri Shiva Sahasranama Stotram

Verse 1 names Shiva as Sthira, the ever-steadfast one; Sthanu, the immovable pillar at the axis of the world; Prabhu, the sovereign lord; Bhima, the awe-inspiring and formidable one; Pravara, the most excellent; Varada, giver of boons; Vara, the supreme one (also "the boon" itself); Sarvatma, the Self abiding within all beings; Sarvavikhyata, renowned throughout every world; Sarva, the totality of all; Sarvakara, maker of all things; and Bhava, the source from which all existence arises.

Verse 2 names Shiva as Jati, he who wears matted locks; Charmi, clad in an animal hide; Shikhi, the crested one; Khadgi, bearer of the sword; Sarvanga, he whose limbs are all things, the universe as his body; Sarvabhavana, nourisher and creator of all beings; Hara, the remover who withdraws all at the end of time; Harinaksha, the deer-eyed one, gentle of gaze; Sarvabhutahara, he who draws all beings back into himself at dissolution; and Prabhu, the lord.

Verse 3 names Shiva as Pravritti, the force of outward activity; Nivritti, its opposite, the force of cessation and renunciation; Niyata, the self-controlled one, bound by his own law; Shashvata, the eternal, ever-enduring; Dhruva, the fixed and constant, like the pole star; Shmashanavasi, dweller in the cremation ground; Bhagavan, the blessed and glorious lord; Khachara, he who moves through the sky; Gochara, he who comes within range of the senses; and Ardana, the subduer who tames and afflicts evil.

Verse 4 names Shiva as Abhivadya, he who is worthy of salutation; Mahakarma, the doer of great deeds; Tapasvi, the great ascetic devoted to austerity; Bhutabhavana, he who gives rise to and nourishes all beings; Unmattaveshaprachchhanna, he who conceals himself under the guise of a madman; and Sarvalokaprajapati, the progenitor and lord of all the worlds.

Verse 5 names Shiva as Maharupa, of vast and great form; Mahakaya, of mighty, colossal body; Vrisharupa, he who takes the form of the bull; Mahayashas, of great fame and glory; Mahatma, the great Self; Sarvabhutatma, the Self dwelling within every being; Vishvarupa, he whose very form is the universe; and Mahahanu, having mighty jaws.

Verse 6 names Shiva as Lokapala, guardian and protector of the worlds; Antarhitatma, he whose true self lies hidden and unmanifest within; Prasada, grace itself, the bestower of grace; Hayagardabhi, he who takes the forms of horse and donkey among creatures; Pavitra, the pure one, the purifier; Mahan, the great one; Niyama, discipline and sacred law itself; and Niyamashrita, he who is the refuge of those who keep their vows.

Verse 7 names Shiva as Sarvakarma, performer of all actions; Svayambhu, the self-existent, self-born one; Adi, the first cause, the beginning; Adikara, the originator who makes the beginning; Nidhi, the treasure, the repository of all; Sahasraksha, the thousand-eyed; Vishalaksha, the wide-eyed; Soma, lord of the moon; and Nakshatrasadhaka, he who ordains and governs the lunar constellations.

Verse 8 names Shiva as Chandra, the moon; Surya, the sun; Shani, the planet Saturn; Ketu, the comet; Graha, a seizing planet; Grahapati, lord of the planets; Vara, the excellent one; Atri, he who embodies the sage Atri; Adryanamaskarta, he who is saluted by the mountains; Mrigabanarpana, he who aimed the arrow at the deer in the ancient myth of restraining the fleeing sacrifice; and Anagha, the sinless, the faultless one.

Verse 9 names Shiva as Mahatapas, of great austerity; Ghoratapas, of fierce and terrible penance; Adina, never wretched, free of misery; Dinasadhaka, uplifter of the afflicted and the poor; Samvatsarakara, maker and measurer of the year, the ordainer of time; Mantra, the sacred utterance itself; Pramana, the very standard and measure of truth; and Paramam Tapah, the supreme austerity itself.

Verse 10 names Shiva as Yogi, the great practitioner of yoga; Yojya, he who is the object of yogic union; Mahabija, of great seed, the vast generative source; Maharetas, of great seminal potency and creative power; Mahabala, of great strength; Suvarnaretas, whose vital essence is as gold; Sarvajna, the all-knowing; Subija, of auspicious seed; and Bijavahana, the bearer and carrier of the seed of creation.

Verse 11 names Shiva as Dashabahu, the ten-armed; Animisha, the unblinking, ever-watchful one; Nilakantha, the blue-throated one, from the poison he swallowed; Umapati, the consort and lord of Uma; Vishvarupa, whose form is the universe; Svayamshreshtha, supreme of his own accord; Balavira, hero of strength; Bala, strength itself; and Gana, lord of his troop of attendants.

Verse 12 names Shiva as Ganakarta, maker of the Ganas, his attendant hosts; Ganapati, lord of the Ganas; Digvasas, clad in the directions of space, the sky-clad one; Kama, desire itself and its fulfiller; Mantravit, knower of sacred mantras; Paramo Mantrah, the supreme mantra itself; Sarvabhavakara, creator of every state of being; and Hara, the remover and destroyer.

Verse 13 names Shiva as Kamandaludhara, bearer of the ascetic's water-pot; Dhanvi, wielder of the bow; Banahastha, he who holds arrows in hand; Kapalavan, bearer of the skull; Ashani, wielder of the thunderbolt; Shataghni, wielder of the spiked mace called "slayer of a hundred"; Khadgi, bearer of the sword; Pattishi, bearer of the spear; Ayudhi, he who bears weapons; and Mahan, the great one.

Verse 14 names Shiva as Sruvahastha, he who holds the sacrificial ladle in hand; Surupa, of beautiful form; Tejas, radiance itself; Tejaskara, generator of radiance; Nidhi, the treasure; Ushnishi, he who wears a turban or crown; Suvaktra, of beautiful face; Udagra, the towering and exalted one; and Vinata, the humbly bowed one.

Verse 15 names Shiva as Dirgha, the far-extending, tall one; Harikesha, golden or tawny-haired; Sutirtha, he who is the true and sacred ford of pilgrimage; Krishna, the dark-hued one; Shrigalarupa, he who takes the form of a jackal; Siddhartha, he whose purpose is ever accomplished; Munda, the shaven-headed one; and Sarvashubhankara, bringer of all auspiciousness.

Verse 16 names Shiva as Aja, the unborn; Bahurupa, of many forms; Gandhadhari, bearer of fragrance; Kapardi, he whose matted hair is bound in a shell-like knot; Urdhvaretas, he whose vital energy is drawn upward in ascetic continence; Urdhvalinga, bearing the upward emblem of restrained generative power; Urdhvashayi, he who reclines facing upward; and Nabhahsthala, he whose abode is the open sky.

Verse 17 names Shiva as Trijati, having three locks of matted hair; Chiravasas, clad in bark and rags; Rudra, the fierce, roaring one; Senapati, commander of his own army; Vibhu, the all-pervading lord; Ahachara, he who roams by day; Naktanchara, he who roams by night; Tigmamanyu, of fierce and sharp wrath; and Suvarchasa, of brilliant splendor.

Verse 18 names Shiva as Gajaha, slayer of the elephant-demon Gajasura; Daityaha, slayer of the Daityas; Kala, time itself, the dark one; Lokadhata, sustainer and ordainer of the worlds; Gunakara, the mine and source of all virtues; Simhashardularupa, he who takes the form of lion and tiger; and Ardracharmambaravrita, he who is clad in a freshly flayed hide as his garment.

Verse 19 names Shiva as Kalayogi, master of time through yoga; Mahanada, he of the great cosmic roar; Sarvakama, fulfiller of every desire; Chatushpatha, he who dwells at the crossroads; Nishachara, wanderer of the night; Pretachari, wanderer among spirits; Bhutachari, wanderer among beings; and Maheshvara, the great lord.

Verse 20 names Shiva as Bahubhuta, he who has become manifold, present within many beings; Bahudhara, bearer of many forms; Svarbhanu, the heavenly radiance; Amita, the immeasurable; Gati, the final goal and refuge; Nrityapriya, lover of the dance; Nityanarta, the eternal dancer; Nartaka, the dancer; and Sarvalalasa, he who delights in and yearns for all things.

Verse 21 names Shiva as Ghora, the terrible and dreadful one; Mahatapas, of great austerity; Pasha, the noose or bond; Nitya, the eternal; Giriruha, he who dwells upon the mountain; Nabhah, space itself; Sahasrahastha, the thousand-handed; Vijaya, victory itself; Vyavasaya, firm resolve; and Atandrita, the untiring, ever-vigilant one.

Verse 22 names Shiva as Adharshana, he who cannot be overpowered; Dharshanatma, he whose nature is to overpower all; Yajnaha, destroyer of Daksha's sacrifice; Kamanashaka, destroyer of desire, who burned Kama; Dakshayagapahari, he who disrupted Daksha's sacrificial rite; Susaha, the greatly enduring and patient one; and Madhyama, the one who stands in the middle, the mediator.

Verse 23 names Shiva as Tejopahari, he who withdraws all radiance at dissolution; Balaha, destroyer of false strength; Mudita, the joyful one; Artha, the true goal and purpose; Ajita, the unconquered; Avara, he who has no superior; Gambhiraghosha, of deep resounding voice; Gambhira, the profound, unfathomable one; and Gambhirabalavahana, bearer of a profound and mighty strength.

Verse 24 names Shiva as Nyagrodharupa, he who takes the form of the banyan tree; Nyagrodha, the banyan tree itself; Vrikshaparnasthiti, he who abides within tree and leaf, pervading all plant life; Vibhu, the all-pervading lord; Sutikshnadashana, of very sharp teeth; Mahakaya, of mighty body; and Mahanana, of great countenance.

Verse 25 names Shiva as Vishvaksena, he whose army faces every direction; Hari, the remover of sin; Yajna, the sacrifice itself; Samyugapidavahana, he who bears the emblem worn into battle; Tikshnatapa, of sharp and intense austerity; Haryashva, having tawny horses; Sahaya, the helper and companion; and Karmakalavit, knower of the right time for action.

Verse 26 names Shiva as Vishnuprasadita, he who is gladdened by Vishnu; Yajna, the sacrifice; Samudra, the ocean; Vadavamukha, the submarine fire in the form of a mare's mouth; Hutashanasahaya, companion of the sacrificial fire; Prashantatma, of perfectly tranquil self; and Hutashana, the fire that consumes offerings.

Verse 27 names Shiva as Ugrateja, of fierce radiance; Mahateja, of great splendor; Janya, he who is bound to birth and kinship; Vijayakalavit, knower of the right time for victory; Jyotisham Ayanam, the resting course of all the luminaries; Siddhi, spiritual accomplishment itself; and Sarvavigraha, he who assumes every form and body.

Verse 28 names Shiva as Shikhi, the crested one; Mundi, the shaven-headed one; Jati, wearing matted locks; Jvali, the blazing one; Murtija, he who is born into embodied form; Murdhaga, he who dwells at the crown of the head; Bali, the mighty one; Venavi, player of the flute; Panavi, player of the small drum; Tali, keeper of rhythm with cymbals; Khali, he of the threshing floor; and Kalakatankata, the terrible one of time, fierce at the hour of death.

Verse 29 names Shiva as Nakshatravigrahamati, he whose form is shaped as the constellations; Gunabuddhi, he whose intellect discerns the three qualities; Laya, dissolution itself; Gama, the path and the goer; Prajapati, lord of creatures; Vishvabahu, he whose arms encompass the universe; Vibhaga, the apportioner who distributes all things; and Sarvagomukha, he whose face turns toward every being.

Verse 30 names Shiva as Vimochana, the liberator who releases from bondage; Susarana, the true refuge; Hiranyakavachodbhava, he who arose clad in golden armor; Medhraja, he associated with the generative emblem, the linga; Balachari, he who moves with strength; Mahichari, he who roams the earth; and Sruta, the one renowned through sacred scripture.

Verse 31 names Shiva as Sarvaturyaninadi, he who resounds with every kind of musical instrument; Sarvatodyaparigraha, he who holds and plays every instrument; Vyalarupa, he who takes serpent form; Guhavasi, dweller in caves; Guha, he who is hidden in the secret cave of the heart; Mali, wearer of garlands; and Tarangavit, knower of the waves, of the sea and of consciousness.

Verse 32 names Shiva as Tridasha, lord of the thirty gods; Trikaladhrit, upholder of the three times, past, present and future; Karmasarvabandhavimochana, he who releases all beings from the bonds of karma; Bandhana, the binder of the wicked and of the lords of the demons; and Yudhi Shatruvinashana, destroyer of enemies in battle.

Verse 33 names Shiva as Sankhyaprasada, he whose grace grants discerning knowledge; Durvasa, he who is hard to approach, clad in rough garments; Sarvasadhunishevita, he who is honored by all the virtuous; Praskandana, he who pours forth and scatters in creative overflow; Vibhagajna, knower of proper division; Atulya, the incomparable; and Yajnabhagavit, knower of the proper share due in sacrifice.

Verse 34 names Shiva as Sarvavasa, he who dwells in all things; Sarvachari, he who moves through all things; Durvasa, hard to approach; Vasava, chief of the bright Vasu gods; Amara, the deathless; Haima, the golden one; Hemakara, maker of gold; Yajna, the sacrifice; Sarvadhari, the sustainer of all; and Dharottama, foremost among those who sustain.

Verse 35 names Shiva as Lohitaksha, the red-eyed one; Mahaksha, the great-eyed one; Vijayaksha, the victorious-eyed one; Visharada, the wise and skillful; Sangraha, the gatherer who collects and upholds all; Nigraha, the restrainer who subdues; Karta, the doer behind every action; and Sarpachiranivasana, he who is clad in a serpent as his garment.

Verse 36 names Shiva as Mukhya, the foremost; Amukhya, he who remains humble despite supremacy; Deha, the embodied one; Kahali, player of the war-trumpet; Sarvakamada, granter of every desire; Sarvakasaprasada, he whose grace cures every affliction; Subala, of excellent strength; and Balarupadhrit, he who assumes a form of strength.

Verse 37 names Shiva as Sarvakamavara, the supreme boon that grants every desire; Sarvada, the giver of all; Sarvatomukha, he whose face turns to every direction; Akashanirvirupa, he who, formless, pervades the sky; Nipati, he who descends swiftly to act; Avasha, he who is subject to no one's control; and Khaga, he who moves through the sky.

Verse 38 names Shiva as Raudrarupa, he of fierce, Rudra-like form; Amshu, the ray of light; Aditya, the sun; Bahurashmi, possessing many rays; Suvarchasi, of brilliant splendor; Vasuvega, swift as the bright Vasus; Mahavega, of great speed; Manovega, swift as thought; and Nishachara, wanderer of the night.

Verse 39 names Shiva as Sarvavasi, he who dwells within all; Shriyavasi, he who abides in glory and fortune; Upadeshakara, the giver of instruction; Akara, the formless; Muni, the silent sage; Atmaniraloka, he whose true self shines only from within; Sambhagna, he who humbles himself; and Sahasrada, the giver of a thousand gifts.

Verse 40 names Shiva as Pakshi, the bird; Pakshirupa, he who takes the form of a bird; Atidipta, the exceedingly blazing one; Vishampati, lord of the people; Unmada, rapture itself; Madana, he who arouses passion; Kama, desire itself; Ashvattha, the sacred fig tree; Arthakara, bestower of wealth and true purpose; and Yashah, fame and glory itself.

Verse 41 names Shiva as Vamadeva, the gracious god, his gentler aspect; Vama, the benign, one of his five faces; Pragdakshina, he who faces every direction, east and south alike; Vamana, the dwarf-form; Siddhayogi, the perfected master of yoga; Maharshi, the great sage; Siddhartha, he whose purpose is accomplished; and Siddhasadhaka, he who grants accomplishment to seekers.

Verse 42 names Shiva as Bhikshu, the mendicant; Bhikshurupa, he who takes the form of a mendicant; Vipana, he who is sought after like a treasure in the marketplace; Mridu, the gentle one; Avyaya, the imperishable; Mahasena, commander of a great army, a name shared with his son Skanda; Vishakha, he of many branches, likewise shared with Skanda; Shashtibhaga, he who receives the sixtieth share of offerings; and Gavampati, lord of the earth and its cattle.

Verse 43 names Shiva as Vajrahastha, he who holds the thunderbolt; Vishkambhi, the pillar that props up the universe; Chamustambhana, he who immobilizes armies; Vrittavrittakara, shaper of the round and the un-round, maker of all forms; Tala, keeper of rhythm; Madhu, sweetness itself; and Madhukalochana, he whose eyes are gentle as honey.

Verse 44 names Shiva as Vachaspatya, master of eloquence and lord of speech; Vajasana, bestower of strength and sustenance; Nityamashramapujita, he who is ever worshipped in the hermitages; Brahmachari, the celibate devoted to sacred knowledge; Lokachari, he who wanders through the worlds; Sarvachari, he who moves through all things; and Vicharavit, knower of right discernment.

Verse 45 names Shiva as Ishana, the ruler who commands; Ishvara, the supreme lord; Kala, time; Nishachari, wanderer of the night; Pinakavan, bearer of the Pinaka bow; Nimittastha, he who abides as the instrumental cause; Nimitta, the occasion and cause of all events; Nandi, he who gives joy; Nandikara, the giver of joy; and Hari, the remover of sin.

Verse 46 names Shiva as Nandishvara, lord of joy; Nandi, the joyful one; Nandana, he who delights; Nandivardhana, increaser of joy; Bhagahari, he who took away false fortune in the Daksha myth; Nihanta, the slayer; Kala, time; Brahma, the creator; and Pitamaha, the primal grandfather.

Verse 47 names Shiva as Chaturmukha, the four-faced one; Mahalinga, he of the great cosmic pillar of light, the linga; Charulinga, he of the beautiful linga; Lingadhyaksha, overseer of the subtle form of creation; Suradhyaksha, overseer of the gods; Yogadhyaksha, master and overseer of yoga; and Yugavaha, he who ushers in and bears along the ages.

Verse 48 names Shiva as Bijadhyaksha, overseer of the seed of creation; Bijakarta, maker of the seed; Avyayatma, he of the imperishable self; Anugata, he who is followed and attended by all; Bala, strength itself; Itihasa, sacred tradition itself; Sakalpa, he who embodies will and intention; Gautama, he who is identified with the sage Gautama; and Nishakara, maker of the night, lord of darkness.

Verse 49 names Shiva as Dambha, pride personified; Adambha, he who is utterly free from pride; Vaidambha, he connected with the overthrow of vanity; Vashya, he who remains within reach of his devotees; Vashakara, he who brings others under control; Kali, strife personified; Lokakarta, maker of the worlds; Pashupati, lord of all creatures; Mahakarta, the great doer; and Anaushadha, he for whom no medicine is needed, beyond all disease.

Verse 50 names Shiva as Akshara, the imperishable syllable; Paramam Brahma, the supreme Absolute itself; Balavat, the mighty one; Shakra, identified in might with Indra; Niti, moral law itself; Anitih, he who transcends even convention; Shuddhatma, of utterly pure self; Shuddha, the pure; Manya, the one to be revered; and Gatagata, he who is both the going forth and the returning, the cycle of departure and return.

Verse 51 names Shiva as Bahuprasada, he of abundant grace; Susvapna, he who brings auspicious dreams; Darpana, the mirror that reflects all things; Amitrajit, conqueror of enemies; Vedakara, author of the Vedas; Mantrakara, author of sacred mantras; Vidvan, the all-knowing; and Samaramardana, crusher of foes in battle.

Verse 52 names Shiva as Mahameghanivasi, he who dwells in the great clouds; Mahaghora, the exceedingly terrible one; Vashikara, he who brings all under his sway; Agni, fire; Jvala, the flame; Mahajvala, the great blazing flame; Atidhumra, the intensely smoky one; Huta, the oblation offered; and Havih, the sacrificial offering itself.

Verse 53 names Shiva as Vrishana, the virile and generative one; Shankara, bestower of happiness; Nitya, the eternal; Varchasvi, the splendorous one; Dhumaketana, he whose banner is smoke; Nila, the dark-blue one; Angalubdha, he who is cherished for his very form; Shobhana, the resplendent one; and Niravagraha, the unobstructed, free from all restraint.

Verse 54 names Shiva as Svastida, the giver of well-being; Svastibhava, he whose nature is well-being; Bhagi, he who holds his rightful share; Bhagakara, the one who allots shares; Laghu, the light and swift one; Utsanga, he upon whose lap all rest; Mahanga, of mighty limbs; and Mahagarbhaparayana, he who is the resort of the great cosmic womb.

Verse 55 names Shiva as Krishnavarna, of dark hue; Suvarna, of golden hue; Indriyam Sarvadehinam, the very sense-faculty of all embodied beings; Mahapada, of mighty feet; Mahahastha, of mighty hands; Mahakaya, of mighty body; and Mahayashas, of great fame.

Verse 56 names Shiva as Mahamurdha, of mighty head; Mahamatra, of great dimension; Mahanetra, of great eyes; Nishalaya, he whose abode is the night; Mahantaka, the great ender who brings death; Mahakarna, of great ears; Mahoshtha, of great lips; and Mahahanu, of mighty jaws.

Verse 57 names Shiva as Mahanasa, of great nose; Mahakambu, having a conch-like neck of beauty; Mahagriva, of great neck; Shmashanabhak, he who frequents the cremation ground; Mahavaksha, of great chest; Mahoraska, of broad chest; Antaratma, the inner Self; and Mrigalaya, he whose resort is the deer, or the dwelling of the subtle senses.

Verse 58 names Shiva as Lambana, the pendent one; Lambitoshtha, having a hanging lower lip; Mahamaya, master of great illusive power; Payonidhi, the ocean, reservoir of waters; Mahadanta, of great teeth; Mahadamshtra, of great fangs; Mahajihva, of great tongue; and Mahamukha, of great mouth.

Verse 59 names Shiva as Mahanakha, of great nails; Mahaloma, of abundant body-hair; Mahakesha, of great hair; Mahajata, of great matted locks; Prasanna, the serene and gracious one; Prasada, grace itself; Pratyaya, true conviction and certainty; and Girisadhana, he who is accomplished upon the mountain.

Verse 60 names Shiva as Snehana, bestower of love; Asnehana, he who is free of worldly attachment; Ajita, the unconquered; Mahamuni, the great silent sage; Vrikshakara, he who takes the form of a tree; Vrikshaketu, he whose banner is the tree; Anala, fire; and Vayuvahana, he who is borne upon the wind.

Verse 61 names Shiva as Gandali, he of great cheeks and strength; Merudhama, he whose abode is Mount Meru; Devadhipati, lord over the gods; Atharvashirsha, he whose crown is the Atharva Veda; Samasya, he whose mouth is the Sama Veda; and Riksahasramiteksana, he whose eyes are measured by the thousand verses of the Rig Veda.

Verse 62 names Shiva as Yajuhpadabhuja, he whose feet and arms are the Yajur Veda; Guhya, the secret mystery; Prakasha, light and manifestation itself; Jangama, the moving, animate world; Amoghartha, he whose purpose never fails; Prasada, grace; Abhigamya, he who is approachable through devotion; and Sudarshana, fair to behold.

Verse 63 names Shiva as Upakara, the benefactor who helps all; Priya, the beloved; Sarva, the all; Kanaka, gold; Kanchanachchhavi, of golden lustre; Nabhi, the navel and hub of the universe; Nandikara, giver of joy; Bhava, existence itself; Pushkarasthapati, lord established upon the lotus; and Sthira, the steadfast one.

Verse 64 names Shiva as Dvadasha, the twelvefold one identified with the twelve Adityas; Trasana, he who causes the wicked to tremble; Adya, the primeval first cause; Yajna, the sacrifice; Yajnasamahita, he who is wholly absorbed in sacrifice; Naktam, the night; Kali, strife and the dark age; Kala, time; Makara, the crocodile; and Kalapujita, he who is worshipped according to the seasons of time.

Verse 65 names Shiva as Sagana, he who has his troop of attendants; Ganakara, maker of the Ganas; Bhutavahanasarathi, charioteer who drives his bull-mount among beings; Bhasmashaya, he whose bed is sacred ash; Bhasmagopta, protector through sacred ash; Bhasmabhuta, he who has become one with ash; Taru, the tree; and Gana, lord of the troop.

Verse 66 names Shiva as Lokapala, guardian of the worlds; Loka, the world itself; Mahatma, the great Self; Sarvapujita, worshipped by all; Shukla, the bright, pure one; Trishukla, pure in thought, word and deed; Sampanna, the perfected one; Shuchi, the pure and radiant one; and Bhutanishevita, he who is honored by all beings.

Verse 67 names Shiva as Ashramastha, he who abides in every stage of life; Kriyavastha, he who stands firm in ritual action; Vishvakarmamati, he whose intellect encompasses the work of the whole universe; Vara, the excellent one; Vishalashakha, of wide-spreading branches; Tamroshtha, of copper-red lips; Ambujala, he who dwells amid lotus-waters; and Sunishchala, the utterly steadfast one.

Verse 68 names Shiva as Kapila, the tawny-brown one; Kapisha, the reddish-brown one; Shukla, the bright, pure one; Ayuh, life and vitality itself; Para, the transcendent one; Apara, the immanent one near at hand; Gandharva, the celestial musician; Aditi, identified with the boundless mother of the gods; Tarksya, identified with the great bird Garuda; Suvijneya, he who is readily known by the wise; and Susharada, of clear autumnal brightness.

Verse 69 names Shiva as Parashvadhayudha, wielder of the battle-axe; Deva, the shining god; Anukari, he who takes on every form; Subandhava, the true kinsman of all; Tumbavina, player of the gourd-lute; Mahakrodha, of great wrath; Urdhvaretas, he whose vital energy is drawn upward in ascetic restraint; and Jaleshaya, he who rests upon the waters.

Verse 70 names Shiva as Ugra, the fierce one; Vamshakara, propagator of lineage; Vamsha, the lineage itself; Vamshanada, he who sounds the flute, or the voice of lineage; Anindhita, the blameless one; Sarvangarupa, he whose form embraces every limb of creation; Mayavi, master of illusion; Suhrida, the true friend; Anila, wind; and Anala, fire.

Verse 71 names Shiva as Bandhana, the binder; Bandhakarta, he who creates bonds; Subandhanavimochana, he who graciously releases from bondage; Sayajnari, foe of improper sacrifice; Sakamari, foe of desire; Mahadamshtra, of mighty fangs; and Mahayudha, of mighty weapons.

Verse 72 names Shiva as Bahudhanindhita, he who is blameless in every way; Sharva, the archer who destroys sorrow; Shankara, bestower of happiness; Adhana, the unattached ascetic possessing no wealth; Amaresha, lord of the immortals; Mahadeva, the great god; Vishvadeva, the god of the universe; and Surariha, slayer of the enemies of the gods.

Verse 73 names Shiva as Ahirbudhnya, the serpent of the deep, an ancient Vedic form of Rudra; Anilabha, he whose luster is like the wind; Chekitana, the ever-aware perceiver; Havih, the sacrificial oblation; Ajaikapat, "the one-footed goat," an ancient Vedic name of Rudra; Kapali, bearer of the skull-bowl; Trishanku, identified with the sage-king suspended between heaven and earth; Ajita, the unconquered; and Shiva, the auspicious one.

Verse 74 names Shiva as Dhanvantari, identified with the divine physician; Dhumaketu, the comet whose banner is smoke; Skanda, identified with his son, the war-god; Vaishravana, identified with Kubera, lord of wealth; Dhata, the sustainer among the Adityas; Shakra, identified with Indra; Vishnu, the all-pervading preserver; Mitra, the Vedic god of covenant and friendship; Tvashta, the divine craftsman; Dhruva, the fixed and constant; and Dhara, the bearer and sustainer of the earth.

Verse 75 names Shiva as Prabhava, the source of all power and origin; Sarvaga, the all-pervading; Vayu, the wind; Aryama, the Vedic god of honor; Savita, the Vedic sun that impels all to action; Ravi, the sun; Ushangu, an ancient sage-form; Vidhata, the ordainer of destiny; Mandhata, identified with the legendary righteous king; and Bhutabhavana, nourisher of all beings.

Verse 76 names Shiva as Vibhu, the all-pervading lord; Varnavibhavi, he who manifests every color and form; Sarvakamagunavaha, bestower of every desired quality; Padmanabha, he from whose navel the lotus arises; Mahagarbha, he of the great cosmic womb; Chandravaktra, moon-faced; Anila, wind; and Anala, fire.

Verse 77 names Shiva as Balavan, the mighty and powerful one; Upashanta, the deeply tranquil one; Purana, the ancient one; Punyachanchuri, he who moves swiftly in meritorious deeds; Kurukarta, maker of sacred action associated with Kurukshetra; Kuruvasi, dweller at Kurukshetra; Kurubhuta, he who has become the field of sacred action; and Gunaushadha, the healing remedy of virtue.

Verse 78 names Shiva as Sarvashaya, he in whom all intentions rest; Darbhachari, he who moves amid the sacred ritual grass; Sarvesham Praninam Patih, lord of all living beings; Devadeva, god of gods; Sukhasakta, he who is devoted to bestowing happiness; and Sadasatsarvaratnavit, knower of every jewel, manifest and unmanifest.

Verse 79 names Shiva as Kailasagirivasi, dweller upon Mount Kailasa; Himavadgirisamshraya, he who takes refuge upon the snowy Himalayan peaks; Kulahari, he who carries off riverbanks and boundaries; Kulakarta, shaper of lineage and boundary; Bahuvidya, possessor of manifold knowledge; and Bahuprada, giver of manifold gifts.

Verse 80 names Shiva as Vanija, the merchant; Vardhaki, the carpenter and builder; Vriksha, the tree; Bakula, the fragrant bakula tree; Chandana, the sandalwood tree; Chhada, the shelter and covering leaf; Saragriva, of a strong, sinewy neck; Mahajatru, of mighty shoulder; Alola, the unwavering, steady one; and Mahaushadha, the great medicinal herb, the supreme remedy.

Verse 81 names Shiva as Siddharthakari, he who accomplishes every purpose; Siddhartha, he whose purpose is fulfilled; Chandovyakaranottara, supreme master of Vedic meter and grammar; Simhanada, he of the lion's roar; Simhadamshtra, having lion-like fangs; Simhaga, he who moves as a lion; and Simhavahana, he whose mount is the lion.

Verse 82 names Shiva as Prabhavatma, he whose self is the source of all power; Jagatkalasthala, the ground and support of the world's time; Lokahita, beneficent to all the worlds; Taru, the sheltering tree; Saranga, the swift, many-hued one; Navachakranga, he whose limbs form the nine subtle wheels of the body; Ketumali, bearer of a banner; and Sabhavana, he who nurtures and creates well.

Verse 83 names Shiva as Bhutalaya, the abode of all beings; Bhutapati, lord of all beings; Ahoratra, he who is day and night itself; and Anindhita, the blameless one.

Verse 84 names Shiva as Vahita Sarvabhutanam, he who bears and carries all beings; Nilaya, the resting place of all; Vibhu, the all-pervading lord; Bhava, existence itself; Amogha, the unfailing one; Samyata, the self-restrained one; Ashva, the all-pervader; Bhojana, nourishment itself; and Pranadharana, he who sustains the breath of life.

Verse 85 names Shiva as Hiranyabahu, the golden-armed; Guhapalah Praveshinam, guardian of the cave for those who enter it; Prakrishtari, the foremost foe of evil; Mahaharsha, of great joy; Jitakama, he who has conquered desire; and Jitendriya, he who has conquered the senses.

Verse 86 names Shiva as Gandhara, lord of the Gandhara musical mode; Suvasa, of pleasant fragrance; Tapassakta, devoted to austerity; Rati, delight itself; Nara, the primal man; Mahagita, he of the great song; Mahanritya, he of the great dance; and Apsarogaṇasevita, he who is attended by hosts of celestial dancers.

Verse 87 names Shiva as Mahaketu, he of the great banner; Mahadhatu, the great primal element; Naikasanuchara, he who is attended by many followers upon the mountain ridges; Chala, the moving one; Avedaniya, he who is made known through revelation; Adesha, the divine command; and Sarvagandhasukhavaha, he who brings happiness through every fragrance.

Verse 88 names Shiva as Torana, the archway; Tarana, the deliverer who ferries across; Vata, the wind; Paridhi, the encircling horizon; Patikhechara, lord who moves through the sky; Samyoga, union itself; Vardhana, the increaser; Vriddha, the ancient and venerable; Ativriddha, the supremely ancient one; and Gunadhika, he who excels in every virtue.

Verse 89 names Shiva as Nitya, the eternal; Atmasahaya, the self-reliant one whose companion is his own self; Devasurapati, lord of gods and demons alike; Pati, the lord; Yukta, the disciplined one; Yuktabahu, he whose arms are ever ready for right action; Deva, the shining god; and Divi Suparvana, he of excellent form who dwells in heaven.

Verse 90 names Shiva as Ashadha, the firm and unyielding one; Sushandha, of excellent, undiminished vigor; Dhruva, the fixed and constant; Harina, the swift, deer-like one; Hara, the remover; Vapuravartamanebhyah, he who takes bodily form for the sake of beings caught in becoming; Vasushreshtha, foremost among the Vasus; and Mahapatha, the great path to liberation.

Verse 91 names Shiva as Shirohari, he who removed the fifth head of Brahma; Vimarsha, deep reflection and discernment; Sarvalakshanalakshita, he who is marked by every auspicious sign; Aksha, the unmoving axis; Rathayogi, master of the chariot; Sarvayogi, master of every form of yoga; and Mahabala, of great strength.

Verse 92 names Shiva as Samamnaya, the tradition handed down through scripture; Asamamnaya, he who transcends even scriptural tradition; Tirthadeva, the god of sacred pilgrimage sites; Maharatha, the great warrior; Nirjiva, he who transcends mere life; Jivana, the giver of life; Mantra, the sacred utterance; Shubhaksha, of auspicious eyes; and Bahukarkasha, the exceedingly stern one toward illusion and sin.

Verse 93 names Shiva as Ratnaprabhuta, abounding in jewels; Ratnanga, of jewel-adorned body; Maharnavanipanavit, knower of the great ocean's hidden depths; Mula, the primal root; Vishala, the vast one; Amrita, the deathless nectar of immortality; Vyaktavyakta, he who is both manifest and unmanifest; and Taponidhi, the treasury of austerity.

Verse 94 names Shiva as Arohana, the ascent that causes rising; Adhiroha, he who mounts and transcends; Shiladhari, upholder of virtue; Mahayashas, of great fame; Senakalpa, like a commander of armies; Mahakalpa, he of the great cosmic age; Yoga, union itself; Yugakara, maker of the ages; and Hari, the remover of sin.

Verse 95 names Shiva as Yugarupa, he whose form is the very age itself; Maharupa, of vast form; Mahanagahana, slayer of the great serpent; Vadha, the one who deals the fatal blow; Nyayanirvapana, dispenser of justice and right order; Pada, the foundation; Pandita, the learned one; and Achalopama, he comparable to the unmoving mountain.

Verse 96 names Shiva as Bahumala, wearer of many garlands; Mahamala, wearer of a great garland; Shashi, the moon; Harasulochana, Hara of the beautiful eyes; Vistara, the vast expanse; Lavana, the saline sea, gracious and winsome; Kupa, the deep well, source of all; Triyuga, he who spans the three ages; and Saphalodaya, he whose rising brings fruition.

Verse 97 names Shiva as Trilochana, the three-eyed one; Vishannanga, he of grave meditative composure; Manividdha, adorned with jewels; Jatadhara, bearer of matted locks; Bindu, the primal point of creation; Visarga, the act of creative emanation; Sumukha, of beautiful face; Shara, the arrow; Sarvayudha, bearer of every weapon; and Saha, the powerful one who endures.

Verse 98 names Shiva as Nivedana, he to whom all offerings are presented; Sukhajata, he who brings happiness; Sugandhara, of pleasant fragrance; Mahadhanu, wielder of the great bow; Gandhapali, protector of fragrance; Bhagavan, the blessed lord; and Utthanah Sarvakarmanam, the rising impulse behind every action.

Verse 99 names Shiva as Manthana, the churner, as in the churning of the cosmic ocean; Bahula, the abundant one; Vayu, the wind; Sakala, he who embraces every part; Sarvalochana, he whose eyes see all; Tala, the foundation; Tala, the keeper of rhythm; Karasthali, he whose hand holds the cymbal; Urdhvasamhanana, of upward, firmly knit frame; and Mahan, the great one.

Verse 100 names Shiva as Haryaksha, the tawny-eyed, lion-eyed one; Kakubha, he who pervades every quarter; Vajra, the thunderbolt; Shatajihva, hundred-tongued; Sahasrapat, thousand-footed; Sahasramurdha, thousand-headed; Devendra, lord of the gods; Sarvadevamaya, he who consists of all the gods; and Guru, the teacher.

Verse 101 names Shiva as Brahmadandavinirmata, maker of the staff of sacred discipline; Shataghnipashashaktiman, mighty wielder of the mace, the noose and the spear; Padmagarbha, he of the lotus womb; Mahagarbha, he of the great cosmic womb; Brahmagarbha, he in whom Brahma himself is held as in a womb; and Jalodbhava, he who arose from the primordial waters.

Verse 102 names Shiva as Gabhasti, the ray of light; Brahmakrit, the maker of Brahma; Brahmi, he who embodies Brahman; Brahmavit, knower of Brahman; Brahmana, the knower of the sacred; Gati, the final goal; Anantarupa, he of endless form; Naikatma, he of manifold selves; Tigmateja, of sharp, piercing radiance; and Svayambhu, the self-existent one.

Verse 103 names Shiva as Urdhvagatma, he whose self moves ever upward; Pashupati, lord of all creatures; Vataramha, swift as the wind; Manojava, swift as thought; Chandani, he who is anointed with sandal paste; Padmanalagra, he who is at the tip of the lotus stalk; Surabhyuttarana, the deliverer by sweet grace; and Nara, the primal man.

Verse 104 names Shiva as Karnikaramahasragvi, wearer of a great garland of karnikara flowers; Nilamauli, the blue-crowned one; Pinakadhrit, bearer of the Pinaka bow; Umapati, lord and consort of Uma; Umakanta, the beloved of Uma; Jahnavidhrit, he who bears the river Ganga upon his head; and Umadhava, the spouse of Uma.

Verse 105 names Shiva as Vara, the excellent one; Varaha, he who takes the form of the boar; Varada, giver of boons; Varenya, the most desirable one; Sumahasvana, of a mighty, resounding voice; Mahaprasada, of great grace; Damana, the subduer; Shatruha, slayer of enemies; and Shvetapingala, of pale, tawny-white hue.

Verse 106 names Shiva as Pitatma, he of golden, radiant self; Paramatma, the supreme Self; Prayatatma, he of disciplined self; Pradhanadhrit, upholder of primal matter; Sarvaparshvamukha, he whose face looks out on every side; Tryaksha, the three-eyed one; Dharmasadharana, upholder common to all righteous duty; and Vara, the excellent one.

Verse 107 names Shiva as Vyasa, the great expounder; Sarga, creation itself; Susankshepa, the perfect condensation of all meaning; Vistara, the full elaboration; Paryaya, the recurring cycle; Nara, the primal man; Ritu, the season; Samvatsara, the year; Masa, the month; Paksha, the lunar fortnight; and Sankhyasamapana, he who completes all reckoning of number.

Verse 108 names Shiva as Kala, the smallest unit of time; Kashtha, a larger measure of time; Lava, the fleeting instant; Matra, the basic measure of time and sound; Muhurta, the auspicious hour; Ahah, the day; Kshapa, the night; Kshana, the passing moment; Vishvakshetra, the field of the whole universe; Prajabija, the seed of all progeny; Linga, the subtle generative emblem of creation; Adya, the primeval first; and Nirgama, the point from which all things emerge.

Verse 109 names Shiva as he who is being and non-being, manifest and unmanifest; Pita, the father; Mata, the mother; Pitamaha, the grandfather; Svargadvara, the gateway to heaven; Prajadvara, the gateway to progeny; Mokshadvara, the gateway to liberation; and Trivishtapa, heaven itself.

Verse 110 names Shiva as Nirvana, liberation itself; Hladana, he who delights and refreshes; Brahmaloka, the world of Brahma; Para Gati, the supreme goal; Devasuravinirmata, the maker of gods and demons alike; and Devasuraparayana, the ultimate refuge of gods and demons.

Verse 111 names Shiva as Devasuraguru, teacher of gods and demons alike; Deva, the shining god; Devasuranamaskrita, he who is saluted by gods and demons; Devasuramahamatra, the great counselor of gods and demons; and Devasuraganashraya, the refuge of the hosts of gods and demons.

Verse 112 names Shiva as Devasuraganadhyaksha, overseer of the hosts of gods and demons; Devasuraganagrani, the foremost leader of gods and demons; Devatideva, god beyond the gods; Devarshi, the divine sage; and Devasuravarapradah, granter of boons to gods and demons alike.

Verse 113 names Shiva as Devasureshvara, lord of gods and demons; Vishva, the universe itself; Devasuramaheshvara, the great lord of gods and demons; Sarvadevamaya, he who consists of all the gods; Achintya, the inconceivable; Devatatma, he whose self is the essence of divinity; and Atmasambhava, he who is self-originated.

Verse 114 names Shiva as Idya, he who is worthy of praise; Hastishvara, lord of elephants; Vyaghra, the tiger; Devasimha, the lion among gods; and Nararshabha, the foremost among men.

Verse 115 names Shiva as Vibudha, the fully awakened, wise one; Agravara, foremost and best of all; Sukshma, the subtle one; Sarvadeva, he who is all the gods; Tapomaya, he whose essence is austerity; Suyukta, perfectly disciplined; Shobhana, the radiant one; Vajri, wielder of the thunderbolt; Prasanam Prabhava, the source of all weapons; and Avyaya, the imperishable.

Verse 116 names Shiva as Guha, he hidden in the cave of the heart; Kanta, the radiant beloved; Nija, his own true self; Sarga, creation; Pavitra, the pure one; Sarvapavana, the purifier of all; Shringi, bearer of a horn or mountain peak; Shringapriya, lover of mountain peaks; Babhru, the reddish-brown one; Rajaraja, king of kings; and Niramaya, the one free of all disease.

Verse 117 names Shiva as Abhirama, the utterly delightful one; Suragana, the host of the gods; Virama, the final cessation of all striving; Sarvasadhana, the means by which all is accomplished; Lalataksha, he who bears an eye upon his forehead; Vishvadeva, the god of the universe; Harina, the deer-swift one; and Brahmavarchasa, he of the splendor of sacred Brahman.

Verse 118 names Shiva as Sthavaranam Patih, lord of all unmoving things; Niyamendriyavardhana, he who strengthens discipline over the senses; Siddhartha, he whose purpose is accomplished; Siddhabhutartha, he for whom the truth of all beings is already realized; Achintya, the inconceivable; Satyavrata, he whose vow is truth itself; and Shuchi, the pure one.

Verse 119 names Shiva as Vratadhipa, lord of all sacred vows; Param Brahma, the supreme Absolute; Bhaktanam Parama Gati, the ultimate refuge of his devotees; Vimukta, the liberated one; Muktateja, he whose radiance is itself liberated and free; Shriman, the glorious one; Shrivardhana, increaser of prosperity; and Jagat, the universe itself, with which the thousand names of Shiva come to a close.