Verses
If one holds oneself dear, let one guard oneself well. In at least one of the three watches of the night (or stages of life), let the wise keep careful vigil.
Verse 1
Let one first establish oneself in what is proper and right, and only then instruct others; thus the wise person will not suffer blemish.
Verse 2
If one would only practice oneself what one instructs others, then being thoroughly tamed oneself, one could tame others. For oneself is truly difficult to tame.
Verse 3
One is indeed one's own protector; what other protector could there be? With oneself thoroughly tamed, one attains a protector that is rare to find.
Verse 4
The evil done by oneself, self-begotten and born of oneself, crushes the foolish person, just as a hard diamond grinds a gemstone.
Verse 5
He whose extreme immorality entangles him like a parasitic māluvā creeper strangling a sal tree, brings upon himself that very ruin which an enemy would wish for him.
Verse 6
Easy to do are deeds that are bad and harmful to oneself; but that which is truly beneficial and good, that is exceedingly difficult to do.
Verse 7
The foolish person who, relying on evil views, insults the teaching of the Arahants, the Noble Ones who live by the Dhamma, bears fruit only to his own destruction, like the bamboo that flowers only to die.
Verse 8
By oneself alone is evil done; by oneself is one defiled. By oneself is evil left undone; by oneself is one purified. Purity and impurity depend on oneself; no one can purify another.
Verse 9
Let one not neglect one's own spiritual welfare for the sake of another's, however great; clearly understanding one's own true welfare, let one be resolutely intent upon that ultimate goal.
Verse 10
Background
This chapter belongs to the Pali Dhammapada (Khuddaka Nikaya, Pali Canon), Atta Vagga, verses 157–166. Spoken at Jetavana in Sāvatthi, the Atta Vagga addresses monastics and householders tempted to either project their spiritual failures onto others or neglect their own meditation while excessively advising others. The Atthakathā commentary records the famous episode of Venerable Attadattha who, hearing that the Buddha was soon to attain Parinibbāna, resolved to attain Arahantship first rather than weeping in crowds (Verse 166), and the case of Devadatta whose deep malice brought about his own destruction like a fruiting bamboo (Verse 164).
About this Text
Composed by: Gautama Buddha · Founder of Buddhism · c. 5th–6th century BCE, Northern India/Nepal
Born Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini, he attained enlightenment and spent the rest of his life teaching the Dhamma across northern India. His discourses (Suttas), preserved orally for generations before being written down in the Pali Canon, form the doctrinal foundation of Buddhism.
Did You Know?
One is One's Own Protector (Verse 160)
'Attā hi attano nātho, ko hi nātho paro siyā'—One is truly one's own refuge and protector; for what other external protector could there be? With oneself thoroughly tamed, one attains a refuge very hard to find.
Practice Before Preaching (Verses 158–159)
Let a person first firmly establish oneself in what is wholesome and right; only then should one instruct others. If one acts exactly as one instructs others, then being thoroughly tamed oneself, one can guide others.
The Diamond Crushing the Stone (Verse 161)
The evil committed by oneself, born of oneself and produced from one's own mind, grinds the foolish evildoer just as a hard diamond cuts and shatters a lesser gem.
Individual Purity and Defilement (Verse 165)
By oneself alone is evil done, and by oneself is one defiled; by oneself is evil avoided, and by oneself is one purified. Purity and impurity depend entirely upon oneself; no one can purify another.
Do Not Neglect Your True Welfare (Verse 166)
Even for the sake of great service to others, one should never neglect one's own core spiritual awakening (attadattha). Having clearly realized one's highest good, let one be resolutely intent upon that goal.
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