Bharat Devotion
Embroidered artwork for Mala Vagga: Impurities (Verses 235–255): Embroidered Buddha seated in meditation on a pink lotus, with a golden dharma wheel and a white stupa in the mountains

Mala Vagga

Impurities (Verses 235–255)

The Dhammapada's Mala Vagga (verses 235–255) examines mental defilements and impurities, naming ignorance as the deepest taint to purify.

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Verses

235. Pandupalāso-va dān'isi, yamapurisāpi ca tam upatthitā. Uyyogamukhe ca titthasi, pātheyyam-pi ca te na vijjati.

Verse 1

236. So karohi dīpam-attano, khippam vāyama pandito bhava. Niddhantamalo anangano, dibbam ariyabhūmim upehisi.

Verse 2

237. Upanītavayo ca dān'isi, sampayāto'si yamassa santike. Vāso te natthi antarā, pātheyyam-pi ca te na vijjati.

Verse 3

238. So karohi dīpam-attano, khippam vāyama pandito bhava. Niddhantamalo anangano, na punam jātijaram upehisi.

Verse 4

239. Anupubbena medhāvī, thokam thokam khane khane. Kammāro rajatass-eva, niddhame malam-attano.

Verse 5

240. Ayasā-va malam samutthitam, tad-utthāya tam-eva khādati. Evam atidhonacārinam, sāni kammāni nayanti duggatim.

Verse 6

241. Asajjhāyamalā mantā, anutthānamalā gharā. Malam vannassa kosajjam, pamādo rakkhato malam.

Verse 7

242. Mal'itthiyā duccaritam, maccheram dadato malam. Malā ve pāpakā dhammā, asmim loke paramhi ca.

Verse 8

243. Tato malā malataram, avijjā paramam malam. Etam malam pahantvāna, nimmalā hotha bhikkhavo.

Verse 9

244. Sujīvam ahirikena, kākasūrena dhamsinā. Pakkhandinā pagabbhena, sankilitghena jīvitam.

Verse 10

245. Hirīmatā ca dujjīvam, niccam sucigavesinā. Alīnen'appagabbhena, suddhājīvena passatā.

Verse 11

246. Yo pānam-atipāteti, musāvādan-ca bhāsati. Loke adinnam ādiyati, paradāran-ca gacchati.

Verse 12

247. Surāmerayapānan-ca, yo naro anuyuñjati. Idh'evam-eso lokasmim, mūlam khanati attano.

Verse 13

248. Evam bho purisa jānāhi, pāpadhammā asaññatā. Mā tam lobho adhammo ca, ciram dukkhāya randhayum.

Verse 14

249. Dadāti ve yathāsaddham, yathāpasādanam jano. Tattha yo maṅku bhavati, paresam pānabhojane. Na so divā vā rattim vā, samādhim adhigacchati.

Verse 15

250. Yassa c'etam samucchinnam, mūlaghaccam samūhatam. Sa ve divā vā rattim vā, samādhim adhigacchati.

Verse 16

251. N-atthi rāgasamo aggi, n-atthi dosasamo gaho. N-atthi mohasamam jālam, n-atthi tanhāsamā nadī.

Verse 17

252. Sudassam vajjam-aññesam, attano pana duddasam. Paresam hi so vajjāni, opunāti yathābhusam. Attano pana chādeti, kalim-va kitavā satho.

Verse 18

253. Paravajjānupassissa, niccam ujjhānasaññino. Āsavā tassa vaddhanti, ārā so āsavakkhayā.

Verse 19

254. Ākāse padam n-atthi, samano n-atthi bāhire. Papañcābhiratā pajā, nippapañcā tathāgatā.

Verse 20

255. Ākāse padam n-atthi, samano n-atthi bāhire. Sankhārā sassatā n-atthi, n-atthi buddhānam-īñjitam.

Verse 21

Background

This chapter belongs to the Pali Dhammapada (Khuddaka Nikaya, Pali Canon), Mala Vagga, verses 235–255. Delivered across Jetavana in Sāvatthi and Veluvana in Rājagaha, these verses addressed monks, slaughterers, and householders who neglected moral awareness until old age. Verses 235–238 were addressed to an aged butcher who lived without making spiritual provisions until his final hours. Verse 240 was spoken regarding a monk who developed obsessive attachment to his new robes, dying and reincarnating as an insect in the hem. Verses 246–248 systematically warned against violating the Five Precepts (Pañcasīla), declaring that breach of morality digs up one's own spiritual roots in this very life.

About this Text

Composed by: Gautama Buddha · Founder of Buddhism · c. 5th–6th century BCE, Northern India/Nepal

Born Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini, he attained enlightenment and spent the rest of his life teaching the Dhamma across northern India. His discourses (Suttas), preserved orally for generations before being written down in the Pali Canon, form the doctrinal foundation of Buddhism.

Did You Know?

The Withered Leaf (Verses 235–238)

You are like a withered yellow leaf ready to drop; the messengers of death await, yet you have packed no provisions for the journey. Make an island of refuge for yourself, strive quickly, and become wise!

Gradual Purification (Verse 239)

Little by little, moment by moment, let the wise person purge his impurities, just as a skilled silversmith gently blows away the dross from silver.

Self-Destructive Rust (Verse 240)

Just as rust springs from iron and eats away the very iron that bore it, so the reckless transgressor's own deeds lead him directly to suffering.

The Supreme Defilement (Verse 243)

Worse than all mundane impurities—neglect of study, neglected homes, unchastity, and stinginess—is ignorance (avijjā). Ignorance is the supreme taint; shed it, O monks, and become spotless!

Finding Fault with Others (Verses 252–253)

The faults of others are easy to see, but one's own are hard to perceive. He who constantly scrutinizes others' flaws and finds fault only multiplies his own mental defilements (āsavas).