Verses
235. You are now like a withered yellow leaf; the messengers of death stand right before you. You stand on the threshold of departure, yet you have made no provisions for your journey!
Verse 1
236. Therefore make an island of refuge for yourself! Strive quickly, become wise! Cleansed of impurities and free from stain, you will reach the heavenly realm of the Noble Ones.
Verse 2
237. Your life has now drawn to its close; you are advancing toward the presence of Yama. There is no resting place along the way, yet you have made no provisions for your journey!
Verse 3
238. Therefore make an island of refuge for yourself! Strive quickly, become wise! Cleansed of impurities and free from stain, you will not return again to birth and decay.
Verse 4
239. Gradually, little by little, moment by moment, the wise person purges away his own impurities, just as a smith blows away the dross from refined silver.
Verse 5
240. Just as rust springs from iron and devours the very iron from which it arose, so the transgressor's own deeds lead him directly to states of woe.
Verse 6
241. Lack of recitation is the rust of sacred texts; lack of repair is the rust of houses; laziness is the rust of physical beauty; and heedlessness is the taint of a guard.
Verse 7
242. Misconduct is the taint of a woman; stinginess is the taint of a giver; evil states are indeed taints both in this world and the next.
Verse 8
243. But worse than all these taints is ignorance (avijjā), the greatest taint of all. Casting off this supreme taint, be taintless, O monks!
Verse 9
244. Easy is life for the shameless person, brazen as a crow, slanderous, aggressive, impudent, and corrupt in lifestyle.
Verse 10
245. But hard is life for the modest person, constantly seeking purity, unattached, unpretentious, leading a clean livelihood, and seeing clearly.
Verse 11
246. Whoever in this world destroys life, speaks falsehood, takes what is not given, and goes to another person's spouse...
Verse 12
247. ...And gives himself over to intoxicating drinks—such a person, even in this very world, digs up his own root.
Verse 13
248. Know this, O human being: evil deeds lack restraint! Let not greed and lawlessness subject you to long suffering.
Verse 14
249. People give according to their faith, according to their pleasure. Whoever is disgruntled over the food and drink given to others attains no concentration by day or by night.
Verse 15
250. But he in whom this envious feeling is completely severed, uprooted, and eradicated—he indeed attains concentration by day and by night.
Verse 16
251. There is no fire like lust; there is no grip like hatred; there is no snare like delusion; there is no torrent like craving.
Verse 17
252. Easy to see are others' faults, but hard to see are one's own. For one winnows others' faults like chaff, but conceals one's own like a cunning cheat concealing an unlucky die.
Verse 18
253. For one who constantly observes the faults of others and is irritable, his own mental defilements grow; he is far from the eradication of defilements.
Verse 19
254. There is no track in the sky; there is no true recluse outside the Noble Path. Mankind delights in mental proliferation and conceptual clingings, but the Tathāgatas are free from all proliferation.
Verse 20
255. There is no track in the sky; there is no true recluse outside the Noble Path. There are no conditioned things that are eternal; there is no perturbation in the Awakened Ones.
Verse 21
Background
This chapter belongs to the Pali Dhammapada (Khuddaka Nikaya, Pali Canon), Mala Vagga, verses 235–255. Delivered across Jetavana in Sāvatthi and Veluvana in Rājagaha, these verses addressed monks, slaughterers, and householders who neglected moral awareness until old age. Verses 235–238 were addressed to an aged butcher who lived without making spiritual provisions until his final hours. Verse 240 was spoken regarding a monk who developed obsessive attachment to his new robes, dying and reincarnating as an insect in the hem. Verses 246–248 systematically warned against violating the Five Precepts (Pañcasīla), declaring that breach of morality digs up one's own spiritual roots in this very life.
About this Text
Composed by: Gautama Buddha · Founder of Buddhism · c. 5th–6th century BCE, Northern India/Nepal
Born Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini, he attained enlightenment and spent the rest of his life teaching the Dhamma across northern India. His discourses (Suttas), preserved orally for generations before being written down in the Pali Canon, form the doctrinal foundation of Buddhism.
Did You Know?
The Withered Leaf (Verses 235–238)
You are like a withered yellow leaf ready to drop; the messengers of death await, yet you have packed no provisions for the journey. Make an island of refuge for yourself, strive quickly, and become wise!
Gradual Purification (Verse 239)
Little by little, moment by moment, let the wise person purge his impurities, just as a skilled silversmith gently blows away the dross from silver.
Self-Destructive Rust (Verse 240)
Just as rust springs from iron and eats away the very iron that bore it, so the reckless transgressor's own deeds lead him directly to suffering.
The Supreme Defilement (Verse 243)
Worse than all mundane impurities—neglect of study, neglected homes, unchastity, and stinginess—is ignorance (avijjā). Ignorance is the supreme taint; shed it, O monks, and become spotless!
Finding Fault with Others (Verses 252–253)
The faults of others are easy to see, but one's own are hard to perceive. He who constantly scrutinizes others' flaws and finds fault only multiplies his own mental defilements (āsavas).
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