Bharat Devotion
Embroidered artwork for 法句经·婆罗门品(第383–423偈): Embroidered Buddha seated in meditation on a pink lotus, with a golden dharma wheel and a white stupa in the mountains

法句经·婆罗门品(第383–423偈)

《法句经》的高潮篇章婆罗门品(第383-423偈):佛陀将「真正的婆罗门」重新定义为觉悟的阿罗汉,而非源于出生或仪式。

偈颂上座部佛教佛陀

经文段落

383. Chinda sotaṃ parakkamma, kāme panuda brāhmaṇa. Saṅkhārānaṃ khayaṃ ñatvā, akataññūsi brāhmaṇa.

第节 1

384. Yadā dvayesu dhammesu, pāragū hoti brāhmaṇo. Athassa sabbe saṃyogā, atthaṃ gacchanti jānato.

第节 2

385. Yassa pāraṃ apāraṃ vā, pārāpāraṃ na vijjati. Vītaddaraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 3

386. Jhāyiṃ virajamāsīnaṃ, katakiccaṃ anāsavaṃ. Uttamatthaṃ anuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 4

387. Divā tapati ādicco, rattimābhāti candimā. Sannaddho khattiyo tapati, jhāyī tapati brāhmaṇo. Atha sabbamahorattiṃ, buddho tapati tejasā.

第节 5

388. Bāhitapāpoti brāhmaṇo, samacariyā samaṇoti vuccati. Pabbājayattano malaṃ, tasmā pabbajitoti vuccati.

第节 6

389. Na brāhmaṇassa pahareyya, nāssa muñcetha brāhmaṇo. Dhī brāhmaṇassa hantāraṃ, tato dhī yassa muñcati.

第节 7

390. Na brāhmaṇassetadakiñci seyyo, yadā nisedho manaso piyehi. Yato yato hiṃsamano nivattati, tato tato sammati-m-eva dukkhaṃ.

第节 8

391. Yassa kāyena vācāya, manasā natthi dukkaṭaṃ. Saṃvutaṃ tīhi ṭhānehi, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 9

392. Yamhā dhammaṃ vijāneyya, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ. Sakkaccaṃ taṃ namasseyya, aggihuttaṃva brāhmaṇo.

第节 10

393. Na jaṭāhi na gottena, na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo. Yamhi saccañca dhammo ca, so sucī so ca brāhmaṇo.

第节 11

394. Kiṃ te jaṭāhi dummedha, kiṃ te ajinasāṭiyā. Abbhantaraṃ te gahanaṃ, bāhiraṃ parimajjasi.

第节 12

395. Paṃsukūladharaṃ jantuṃ, kisaṃ dhamanisanthataṃ. Ekaṃ vanasmiṃ jhāyantaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 13

396. Na cāhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ brūmi, yonijaṃ mattisambhavaṃ. Bhovādī nāma so hoti, sace hoti sakiñcano. Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 14

397. Sabbasaṃyojanaṃ chetvā, yo ve na paritassati. Saṅgātigaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 15

398. Chetvā naddhiṃ varattañca, sandānaṃ sahanukkamaṃ. Ukkhittapalighaṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 16

399. Akkosaṃ vadhabandhañca, aduṭṭho yo titikkhati. Khantibalaṃ balānīkaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 17

400. Akkodhanaṃ vatavantaṃ, sīlavantaṃ anussadaṃ. Dantaṃ antimasārīraṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 18

401. Vāri pokkharapatteva, āraggeriva sāsapo. Yo na lippati kāmesu, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 19

402. Yo dukkhassa pajānāti, idheva khayamattano. Pannabhāraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 20

403. Gambhīrapaññaṃ medhāviṃ, maggāmaggassa kovidaṃ. Uttamatthaṃ anuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 21

404. Asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ gahaṭṭhehi, anāgārehi cūbhayaṃ. Anokasārimappicchaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 22

405. Nidhāya daṇḍaṃ bhūtesu, tasesu thāvaresu ca. Yo na hanti na ghāteti, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 23

406. Aviruddhaṃ viruddhesu, attadaṇḍesu nibbutaṃ. Sādānesu anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 24

407. Yassa rāgo ca doso ca, māno makkho ca pātito. Sāsapova āraggā, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 25

408. Akakkasaṃ viññāpaniṃ, giraṃ saccaṃ udīraye. Yāya nābhisaje kañci, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 26

409. Yodha dīghaṃ vā rassaṃ vā, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ. Loke adinnaṃ nādiyati, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 27

410. Āsā yassa na vijjanti, asmiṃ loke paramhi ca. Nirāsayaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 28

411. Yassālayā na vijjanti, aññāya akathaṅkathī. Amatogadhaṃ anuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 29

412. Yodha puññañca pāpañca, ubho saṅgamupaccagā. Asokaṃ virajaṃ suddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 30

413. Candaṃva vimalaṃ suddhaṃ, vippasannamanāvilaṃ. Nandībhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 31

414. Yomaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, saṃsāraṃ mohamaccagā. Tiṇṇo pāragato jhāyī, anejo akathaṅkathī. Anupādāya nibbuto, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 32

415. Yodha kāme pahantvāna, anāgāro paribbaje. Kāmabhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 33

416. Yodha taṇhaṃ pahantvāna, anāgāro paribbaje. Taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 34

417. Hitvā mānusakaṃ yogaṃ, dibbaṃ yogaṃ upaccagā. Sabbayogavisaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 35

418. Hitvā ratiñca aratiñca, sītibhūtaṃ nirūpadhiṃ. Sabbalokābhibhuṃ vīraṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 36

419. Cutiṃ yo vedi sattānaṃ, upapattiñca sabbaso. Asattaṃ sugataṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 37

420. Yassa gatiṃ na jānanti, devā gandhabbamānusā. Khīṇāsavaṃ arahantaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 38

421. Yassa pure ca pacchā ca, majjhe ca natthi kiñcanaṃ. Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 39

422. Usabhaṃ pavaraṃ vīraṃ, mahesiṃ vijitāvinaṃ. Anejaṃ nhātakaṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 40

423. Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedī, saggāpāyañca passati. Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni. Sabbavositavosānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第节 41

经典背景

本品属于巴利《法句经》(小部,巴利三藏)的《婆罗门品》(Brāhmaṇa Vagga),第383–423偈。这些偈颂宣说于舍卫城的祇陀林(Jetavana)与王舍城的竹林(Veluvana),所对的有:骄慢的吠陀祭司、修严酷苦行的出家者,以及已证得阿罗汉果这一最高果位的比丘。第383偈是对一位婆罗门信众所说,勉励他精勤努力,截断渴爱之流。第387偈说于波斯匿王在日落时分身着光彩夺目的王服来到精舍之时,当时尊者迦留陀夷正入深定,身放金色光明,佛陀因而开示:觉悟的佛陀白昼胜过太阳,夜晚胜过月亮,昼夜皆胜过一切国王与出家者。第393–394偈揭露了那些蓄发结髻、披着鹿皮,内心却怀藏烦恼的伪善者。结尾诸偈(420–423)总结了佛陀的三明(Tevijjā)。

关于此经文

作者: Gautama Buddha · Founder of Buddhism · c. 5th–6th century BCE, Northern India/Nepal

Born Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini, he attained enlightenment and spent the rest of his life teaching the Dhamma across northern India. His discourses (Suttas), preserved orally for generations before being written down in the Pali Canon, form the doctrinal foundation of Buddhism.

您知道吗?

非因出生或血统而为真婆罗门(第393偈)

不因缠结的头发、不因种姓血统、不因从母腹而生就能成为真正的婆罗门。具足真理和法的人——他是纯净的,他就是真正的婆罗门!

内在的荒野与外在的冲洗(第394偈)

你这愚痴的人啊,为何要蓄缠结的头发?你为何要穿鹿皮衣服?你的内心长满了污秽的荒野,然而你只是清洁外表!

四种光辉与佛陀(第387偈)

太阳白昼照耀;月亮夜间明亮;战士身披盔甲而闪耀;禅定中的智者在定境中闪耀;然而觉悟的佛陀昼夜不断以至高的荣光闪耀。

芒草尖上的芥子(第401和407偈)

如同水从莲叶滑落,如同微小的芥子从针尖滑落——他不执着于感官欲望,其贪欲、嗔恨和傲慢已消退,他就是我所说的真正的婆罗门。

智慧的巅峰(第422-423偈)

高洁的人、至高的英雄、伟大的见者、降伏魔王的征服者,无欲、清净、觉悟;他知晓过去生,看见诸天和恶趣,已证得一切未来再生的彻底摧毁——他就是我所说的真正的婆罗门!

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