Bharat Devotion
Embroidered artwork for 法句經·婆羅門品(第383–423偈): Embroidered Buddha seated in meditation on a pink lotus, with a golden dharma wheel and a white stupa in the mountains

法句經·婆羅門品(第383–423偈)

《法句經》的高潮篇章婆羅門品(第383-423偈):佛陀將「真正的婆羅門」重新定義為覺悟的阿羅漢,而非源於出生或儀式。

偈頌上座部佛陀

經詩內容

383. Chinda sotaṃ parakkamma, kāme panuda brāhmaṇa. Saṅkhārānaṃ khayaṃ ñatvā, akataññūsi brāhmaṇa.

第節 1

384. Yadā dvayesu dhammesu, pāragū hoti brāhmaṇo. Athassa sabbe saṃyogā, atthaṃ gacchanti jānato.

第節 2

385. Yassa pāraṃ apāraṃ vā, pārāpāraṃ na vijjati. Vītaddaraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 3

386. Jhāyiṃ virajamāsīnaṃ, katakiccaṃ anāsavaṃ. Uttamatthaṃ anuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 4

387. Divā tapati ādicco, rattimābhāti candimā. Sannaddho khattiyo tapati, jhāyī tapati brāhmaṇo. Atha sabbamahorattiṃ, buddho tapati tejasā.

第節 5

388. Bāhitapāpoti brāhmaṇo, samacariyā samaṇoti vuccati. Pabbājayattano malaṃ, tasmā pabbajitoti vuccati.

第節 6

389. Na brāhmaṇassa pahareyya, nāssa muñcetha brāhmaṇo. Dhī brāhmaṇassa hantāraṃ, tato dhī yassa muñcati.

第節 7

390. Na brāhmaṇassetadakiñci seyyo, yadā nisedho manaso piyehi. Yato yato hiṃsamano nivattati, tato tato sammati-m-eva dukkhaṃ.

第節 8

391. Yassa kāyena vācāya, manasā natthi dukkaṭaṃ. Saṃvutaṃ tīhi ṭhānehi, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 9

392. Yamhā dhammaṃ vijāneyya, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ. Sakkaccaṃ taṃ namasseyya, aggihuttaṃva brāhmaṇo.

第節 10

393. Na jaṭāhi na gottena, na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo. Yamhi saccañca dhammo ca, so sucī so ca brāhmaṇo.

第節 11

394. Kiṃ te jaṭāhi dummedha, kiṃ te ajinasāṭiyā. Abbhantaraṃ te gahanaṃ, bāhiraṃ parimajjasi.

第節 12

395. Paṃsukūladharaṃ jantuṃ, kisaṃ dhamanisanthataṃ. Ekaṃ vanasmiṃ jhāyantaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 13

396. Na cāhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ brūmi, yonijaṃ mattisambhavaṃ. Bhovādī nāma so hoti, sace hoti sakiñcano. Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 14

397. Sabbasaṃyojanaṃ chetvā, yo ve na paritassati. Saṅgātigaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 15

398. Chetvā naddhiṃ varattañca, sandānaṃ sahanukkamaṃ. Ukkhittapalighaṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 16

399. Akkosaṃ vadhabandhañca, aduṭṭho yo titikkhati. Khantibalaṃ balānīkaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 17

400. Akkodhanaṃ vatavantaṃ, sīlavantaṃ anussadaṃ. Dantaṃ antimasārīraṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 18

401. Vāri pokkharapatteva, āraggeriva sāsapo. Yo na lippati kāmesu, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 19

402. Yo dukkhassa pajānāti, idheva khayamattano. Pannabhāraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 20

403. Gambhīrapaññaṃ medhāviṃ, maggāmaggassa kovidaṃ. Uttamatthaṃ anuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 21

404. Asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ gahaṭṭhehi, anāgārehi cūbhayaṃ. Anokasārimappicchaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 22

405. Nidhāya daṇḍaṃ bhūtesu, tasesu thāvaresu ca. Yo na hanti na ghāteti, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 23

406. Aviruddhaṃ viruddhesu, attadaṇḍesu nibbutaṃ. Sādānesu anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 24

407. Yassa rāgo ca doso ca, māno makkho ca pātito. Sāsapova āraggā, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 25

408. Akakkasaṃ viññāpaniṃ, giraṃ saccaṃ udīraye. Yāya nābhisaje kañci, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 26

409. Yodha dīghaṃ vā rassaṃ vā, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ. Loke adinnaṃ nādiyati, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 27

410. Āsā yassa na vijjanti, asmiṃ loke paramhi ca. Nirāsayaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 28

411. Yassālayā na vijjanti, aññāya akathaṅkathī. Amatogadhaṃ anuppattaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 29

412. Yodha puññañca pāpañca, ubho saṅgamupaccagā. Asokaṃ virajaṃ suddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 30

413. Candaṃva vimalaṃ suddhaṃ, vippasannamanāvilaṃ. Nandībhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 31

414. Yomaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, saṃsāraṃ mohamaccagā. Tiṇṇo pāragato jhāyī, anejo akathaṅkathī. Anupādāya nibbuto, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 32

415. Yodha kāme pahantvāna, anāgāro paribbaje. Kāmabhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 33

416. Yodha taṇhaṃ pahantvāna, anāgāro paribbaje. Taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 34

417. Hitvā mānusakaṃ yogaṃ, dibbaṃ yogaṃ upaccagā. Sabbayogavisaṃyuttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 35

418. Hitvā ratiñca aratiñca, sītibhūtaṃ nirūpadhiṃ. Sabbalokābhibhuṃ vīraṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 36

419. Cutiṃ yo vedi sattānaṃ, upapattiñca sabbaso. Asattaṃ sugataṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 37

420. Yassa gatiṃ na jānanti, devā gandhabbamānusā. Khīṇāsavaṃ arahantaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 38

421. Yassa pure ca pacchā ca, majjhe ca natthi kiñcanaṃ. Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 39

422. Usabhaṃ pavaraṃ vīraṃ, mahesiṃ vijitāvinaṃ. Anejaṃ nhātakaṃ buddhaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 40

423. Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedī, saggāpāyañca passati. Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni. Sabbavositavosānaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.

第節 41

背景介紹

本章屬於巴利《法句經》(小部,巴利聖典)的〈婆羅門品〉(Brāhmaṇa Vagga),涵蓋第 383–423 偈。這些偈頌宣說於舍衛城的祇園精舍與王舍城的竹林精舍,對象包括驕慢的吠陀祭司、修持嚴酷苦行的出家修行者,以及已證得阿羅漢果這一至高果位的比丘。第 383 偈是對一位婆羅門信眾所說,勸他精進努力,斬斷愛欲之流。第 387 偈說於波斯匿王傍晚來到精舍,身著光彩奪目的王服,而尊者迦盧陀夷正深入禪定、身放金色光明之時;佛陀藉此開示:覺悟的佛陀白晝勝過太陽,夜晚勝過月亮,晝夜之間也勝過一切國王與修行者。第 393–394 偈揭露那些蓄結髮髻、身披鹿皮,內心卻仍懷煩惱的偽善者。結尾的偈頌(第 420–423 偈)概述佛陀的三明(Tevijjā)。

關於此經文

作者: Gautama Buddha · Founder of Buddhism · c. 5th–6th century BCE, Northern India/Nepal

Born Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini, he attained enlightenment and spent the rest of his life teaching the Dhamma across northern India. His discourses (Suttas), preserved orally for generations before being written down in the Pali Canon, form the doctrinal foundation of Buddhism.

您知道嗎?

非因出生或血統而為真婆羅門(第393偈)

不因纏結的頭髮、不因種姓血統、不因從母腹而生就能成為真正的婆羅門。具足真理和法的人——他是純淨的,他就是真正的婆羅門!

內在的荒野與外在的沖洗(第394偈)

你這愚癡的人啊,為何要蓄纏結的頭髮?你為何要穿鹿皮衣服?你的內心長滿了污穢的荒野,然而你只是清潔外表!

四種光輝與佛陀(第387偈)

太陽白晝照耀;月亮夜間明亮;戰士身披盔甲而閃耀;禪定中的智者在定境中閃耀;然而覺悟的佛陀晝夜不斷以至高的榮光閃耀。

芒草尖上的芥子(第401和407偈)

如同水從蓮葉滑落,如同微小的芥子從針尖滑落——他不執著於感官欲望,其貪欲、嗔恨和傲慢已消退,他就是我所說的真正的婆羅門。

智慧的巔峰(第422-423偈)

高潔的人、至高的英雄、偉大的見者、降伏魔王的征服者,無欲、清淨、覺悟;他知曉過去生,看見諸天和惡趣,已證得一切未來再生的徹底摧毀——他就是我所說的真正的婆羅門!

跨傳統相通教義

同一教義,迴響於不同傳統之中