Bharat Devotion
Embroidered artwork for 法句经·愚品(第60–75偈): Embroidered Buddha seated in meditation on a pink lotus, with a golden dharma wheel and a white stupa in the mountains

法句经·愚品(第60–75偈)

愚品汇集了16条深刻的偈语(60–75),深入揭示了愚人的本质、傲慢和自我毁灭的倾向。佛陀指出,知道自己愚笨的愚人在这一点上是聪慧的;但自认为聪慧的愚人,才是真正的愚人。通过勺子和舌头品尝食物滋味的比喻,他说明了通往世俗利益的道路与趣向涅槃的道路是截然不同的。

偈颂上座部佛教佛陀

经文段落

60. Dīghā jāgarato ratti, dīghaṃ santassa yojanaṃ; Dīgho bālānaṃ saṃsāro, saddhammaṃ avijānataṃ.

第节 1

61. Carañce nādhigaccheyya, seyyaṃ sadisamattano; Ekacariyaṃ daḷhaṃ kayirā, natthi bāle sahāyatā.

第节 2

62. Puttā m'atthi dhanam m'atthi, iti bālo vihaññati; Attā hi attano natthi, kuto puttā kuto dhanaṃ.

第节 3

63. Yo bālo maññati bālyaṃ, paṇḍito vāpi tena so; Bālo ca paṇḍitamānī, sa ve 'bālo'ti vuccati.

第节 4

64. Yāvajīvampi ce bālo, paṇḍitaṃ payirupāsati; Na so dhammaṃ vijānāti, dabbī sūparasaṃ yathā.

第节 5

65. Muhuttamapi ce viññū, paṇḍitaṃ payirupāsati; Khippaṃ dhammaṃ vijānāti, jivhā sūparasaṃ yathā.

第节 6

66. Caranti bālā dummedhā, amatteneva sattunā; Karontā pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, yaṃ hoti kaṭukapphalaṃ.

第节 7

67. Na taṃ kammaṃ kataṃ sādhu, yaṃ katvā anutappati; Yassa assumukho rodaṃ, vipākaṃ paṭisevati.

第节 8

68. Tañca kammaṃ kataṃ sādhu, yaṃ katvā nānutappati; Yassa patīto sumano, vipākaṃ paṭisevati.

第节 9

69. Madhuvā maññati bālo, yāva pāpaṃ na paccati; Yadā ca paccati pāpaṃ, atha bālo dukkhaṃ nigacchati.

第节 10

70. Māse māse kusaggena, bālo bhuñjetha bhojanaṃ; Na so saṅkhātadhammānaṃ, kalaṃ agghati soḷasiṃ.

第节 11

71. Na hi pāpaṃ kataṃ kammaṃ, sajjukhīraṃva muccati; Ḍahantaṃ bālamanveti, bhasmacchanno va pāvako.

第节 12

72. Yāvadeva anatthāya, ñattaṃ bālassa jāyati; Hanti bālassa sukkaṃsaṃ, muddhamassa vipātayaṃ.

第节 13

73. Asantaṃ bhāvanamiccheyya, purekkhārañca bhikkhusu; Āvāsesu ca issariyaṃ, pūjā parakulesu ca.

第节 14

74. Mameva kata maññantu, gihī pabbajitā ubho; Mameva ativasā assu, kiccākiccesu kismici; Iti bālassa saṅkappo, icchā māno ca vaḍḍhati.

第节 15

75. Aññā hi lābhūpanisā, aññā nibbānagāminī; Evametaṃ abhiññāya, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako; Sakkāraṃ nābhinandeyya, vivekamanubrūhaye.

第节 16

经典背景

本章出自巴利《法句经》(小部,巴利三藏)愚品,第60至75偈。早期佛教中,「愚」(bāla)一词指被痴(moha)所蒙蔽、不明业果因果关系的精神幼稚之心。《法句义疏》详述了这些偈颂的缘起:憍萨罗国的波斯匿王因贪恋他人之妻而夜不能寐(第60偈);一位农夫因盗贼将一袋钱币遗落在他的田里而被冤枉;傲慢的比丘优波难陀一边宣说不执着,一边囤积袈裟。

关于此经文

作者: Gautama Buddha · Founder of Buddhism · c. 5th–6th century BCE, Northern India/Nepal

Born Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini, he attained enlightenment and spent the rest of his life teaching the Dhamma across northern India. His discourses (Suttas), preserved orally for generations before being written down in the Pali Canon, form the doctrinal foundation of Buddhism.

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不寐之夜与轮回之长(第60偈)

失眠者夜长,疲惫者程遥。不识正法者轮回实漫漫——对于不知真法的愚人来说,生死轮回之旅无比冗长而痛苦。

勺子与舌头的比喻(第64–65偈)

愚人纵尽一生侍奉智者,亦如木勺不知汤味,终不能悟法;而慧人即使片刻与智者相处,如舌尝羹味,亦能迅疾悟法。

「我有子,我有财」的执着(第62偈)

愚人念「儿子是我的,财富是我的」而自相困恼。自身尚非己所有,儿子与财富又怎能是己所有?

灰下烧火(第71偈)

恶业如新鲜乳汁,非即刻凝结;如灰下烧火,暗中炽燃而追烧愚人。

两条不同的道路(第75偈)

一条通向世俗利益与荣誉,另一条通向涅槃。佛陀的弟子比丘当明彻此理,不乐世俗名利,反当增长离欲。

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