Bharat Devotion
Embroidered artwork for 法句經·愚品(第60–75偈): Embroidered Buddha seated in meditation on a pink lotus, with a golden dharma wheel and a white stupa in the mountains

法句經·愚品(第60–75偈)

愚品彙集了16條深刻的偈語(60–75),深入揭示了愚人的本質、傲慢和自我毀滅的傾向。佛陀指出,知道自己愚鈍的愚人在這一點上是聰慧的;但自認為聰慧的愚人,才是真正的愚人。通過勺子和舌頭品嚐食物滋味的比喻,他說明了通往世俗利益的道路與趣向涅槃的道路是截然不同的。

偈頌上座部佛陀

經詩內容

60. Dīghā jāgarato ratti, dīghaṃ santassa yojanaṃ; Dīgho bālānaṃ saṃsāro, saddhammaṃ avijānataṃ.

第節 1

61. Carañce nādhigaccheyya, seyyaṃ sadisamattano; Ekacariyaṃ daḷhaṃ kayirā, natthi bāle sahāyatā.

第節 2

62. Puttā m'atthi dhanam m'atthi, iti bālo vihaññati; Attā hi attano natthi, kuto puttā kuto dhanaṃ.

第節 3

63. Yo bālo maññati bālyaṃ, paṇḍito vāpi tena so; Bālo ca paṇḍitamānī, sa ve 'bālo'ti vuccati.

第節 4

64. Yāvajīvampi ce bālo, paṇḍitaṃ payirupāsati; Na so dhammaṃ vijānāti, dabbī sūparasaṃ yathā.

第節 5

65. Muhuttamapi ce viññū, paṇḍitaṃ payirupāsati; Khippaṃ dhammaṃ vijānāti, jivhā sūparasaṃ yathā.

第節 6

66. Caranti bālā dummedhā, amatteneva sattunā; Karontā pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, yaṃ hoti kaṭukapphalaṃ.

第節 7

67. Na taṃ kammaṃ kataṃ sādhu, yaṃ katvā anutappati; Yassa assumukho rodaṃ, vipākaṃ paṭisevati.

第節 8

68. Tañca kammaṃ kataṃ sādhu, yaṃ katvā nānutappati; Yassa patīto sumano, vipākaṃ paṭisevati.

第節 9

69. Madhuvā maññati bālo, yāva pāpaṃ na paccati; Yadā ca paccati pāpaṃ, atha bālo dukkhaṃ nigacchati.

第節 10

70. Māse māse kusaggena, bālo bhuñjetha bhojanaṃ; Na so saṅkhātadhammānaṃ, kalaṃ agghati soḷasiṃ.

第節 11

71. Na hi pāpaṃ kataṃ kammaṃ, sajjukhīraṃva muccati; Ḍahantaṃ bālamanveti, bhasmacchanno va pāvako.

第節 12

72. Yāvadeva anatthāya, ñattaṃ bālassa jāyati; Hanti bālassa sukkaṃsaṃ, muddhamassa vipātayaṃ.

第節 13

73. Asantaṃ bhāvanamiccheyya, purekkhārañca bhikkhusu; Āvāsesu ca issariyaṃ, pūjā parakulesu ca.

第節 14

74. Mameva kata maññantu, gihī pabbajitā ubho; Mameva ativasā assu, kiccākiccesu kismici; Iti bālassa saṅkappo, icchā māno ca vaḍḍhati.

第節 15

75. Aññā hi lābhūpanisā, aññā nibbānagāminī; Evametaṃ abhiññāya, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako; Sakkāraṃ nābhinandeyya, vivekamanubrūhaye.

第節 16

背景介紹

本品屬於巴利文《法句經》(小部,巴利聖典)的愚品,涵蓋第60–75偈。早期佛教中,「愚」(Bāla)一詞指被癡(moha)所迷、不明業因果法則的心靈幼稚狀態。注釋書《法句經義註》(Dhammapada-Atthakathā)詳述了這些偈頌的戲劇性背景,包括憍薩羅國的波斯匿王因貪戀他人之妻而夜不成眠(第60偈)、盜賊將一袋金幣遺落在農夫田中而使農夫無辜蒙冤,以及傲慢的比丘優波難陀(Upananda)一面宣說無執著、一面囤積衣物。

關於此經文

作者: Gautama Buddha · Founder of Buddhism · c. 5th–6th century BCE, Northern India/Nepal

Born Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini, he attained enlightenment and spent the rest of his life teaching the Dhamma across northern India. His discourses (Suttas), preserved orally for generations before being written down in the Pali Canon, form the doctrinal foundation of Buddhism.

您知道嗎?

不寐之夜與輪迴之長(第60偈)

失眠者夜長,疲憊者程遙。不識正法者輪迴實漫漫——對於不知真法的愚人來說,生死輪迴之旅無比冗長而痛苦。

勺子與舌頭的比喻(第64–65偈)

愚人縱盡一生侍奉智者,亦如木勺不知湯味,終不能悟法;而慧人即使片刻與智者相處,如舌嚐羹味,亦能迅疾悟法。

「我有子,我有財」的執著(第62偈)

愚人念「兒子是我的,財富是我的」而自相困擾。自身尚非己所有,兒子與財富又怎能是己所有?

灰下燒火(第71偈)

惡業如新鮮乳汁,非即刻凝結;如灰下燒火,暗中熾然而追燒愚人。

兩條不同的道路(第75偈)

一條通向世俗利益與榮譽,另一條通向涅槃。佛陀的弟子比丘當明徹此理,不樂世俗名利,反當增長離欲。

跨傳統相通教義

同一教義,迴響於不同傳統之中