Shri Rudrashtakam — Eight Verses of Praise to Lord Shiva
The Rudrashtakam: eight Sanskrit stanzas to Shiva and a ninth on its fruit, in Tulsidas's Ramcharitmanas (Uttara Kanda, after Doha 107).
Verses
I bow to the Lord, the Supreme Ruler, whose form is absolute liberation, who is all-pervading, the very essence of the Vedas and Brahman. I worship Him who is self-existent, beyond all attributes, changeless, desireless, the expanse of pure consciousness, and who dwells in the sky of the heart.
Verse 1
I bow to the formless One, the root of the sacred syllable Om, the transcendent fourth state of consciousness, beyond the reach of speech and intellect, the Lord of Kailasa. He is fearsome, the destroyer of even the great Time, yet compassionate, the abode of all virtues, and the ferryman who carries one across the ocean of worldly existence.
Verse 2
He is fair like the snow-clad Himalayan mountain, profound and deep, whose body shines with the splendor of millions of cupids. On His crowned head flows the charming Ganga, on His forehead glows the crescent moon, and on His neck rests a serpent.
Verse 3
I worship Lord Shankara, the beloved Lord of all, who has swinging earrings, beautiful eyebrows and eyes, a broad and serene face, a blue throat, and is full of compassion. He wears the hide of the lion as His garment and a garland of skulls.
Verse 4
I worship the fierce, excellent, bold, supreme Lord, who is indivisible and unborn, with the brilliance of millions of suns. He uproots the threefold miseries with His trident, the trident-bearer, the husband of Bhavani, who is attained through loving devotion.
Verse 5
O Lord beyond time, embodiment of all auspiciousness, destroyer of the universe at the end of the eon, ever the giver of joy to the righteous, the foe of the city of Tripura, who removes the delusion that veils the mass of consciousness and bliss—O Lord, destroyer of the god of love, be gracious, be gracious unto me.
Verse 6
Until men worship the lotus feet of the Lord of Uma, in this world or the next, they do not attain happiness, peace, or the destruction of afflictions. O Lord, who dwells within all beings, be gracious.
Verse 7
I do not know the practice of yoga, nor the repetition of mantras, nor the rites of worship; I simply bow to You always, O Shambhu. O Lord, O Shambhu, protect me, who am tormented by the multitude of sorrows of old age and birth, and who am utterly helpless.
Verse 8
This Rudrashtakam was recited by the brahmin Tulsidas to please Lord Shiva. Those men who read it with devotion, Lord Shambhu becomes pleased with them.
Verse 9
Worship Guidelines & Chanting Benefits (Phalashruti)
Monday (Somwar) & Pradosham
Early Morning (Brahma Muhurta) or Evening Twilight (Sandhya)
Bilva leaves, Ganga water, Bhasma (sacred ash), Dhatura & White flowers
- Inner stillness, destruction of negative karma, and freedom from fear of death (Mrityunjaya)
Background
The Rudrashtakam is a Sanskrit hymn to Shiva set inside Tulsidas's Avadhi Ramcharitmanas, in the Uttara Kanda after Doha 107 (kha). There Kakbhushundi tells how his teacher, a Brahmin, praised Shiva with these eight stanzas to seek mercy for his pupil, and closed with a ninth verse promising Shiva's favour to all who recite it. It is traditionally attributed to Tulsidas (about 1532 to 1623), is composed in the Bhujangaprayata meter, and is recited in Shiva worship on Mondays and on Maha Shivaratri.
About this Text
Composed by: Goswami Tulsidas · Medieval Bhakti Poet-Saint · 16th century, Awadh & Varanasi (North India)
A Sanskrit and Awadhi poet-saint best known for the Ramcharitmanas, his Awadhi retelling of the Ramayana. Tradition holds he faced years of hardship and wandering before settling in Varanasi, where he composed most of his other major works, including the Hanuman Chalisa and Vinaya Patrika, as devotional offerings to Rama and Hanuman.
Did You Know?
Author
The hymn is traditionally attributed to Tulsidas (about 1532 to 1623), the saint-poet of the Ramcharitmanas. Within the epic's story it is spoken by Kakbhushundi's teacher, while the composition is credited to Tulsidas, and the text's own heading reads 'Tulsidas-krita'.
Structure
The Shri Rudrashtakam has eight stanzas (an ashtakam) in the Bhujangaprayata meter, twelve syllables to a quarter, followed by a ninth verse in Anushtubh that states the fruit of reciting it. Stanza 7 ('na yavad Umanatha-padaravindam') is especially well known.
Significance
The ninth verse says that Shambhu is pleased with those who recite the hymn with devotion. For devotees it is a prayer for mercy and for relief from the sorrows of birth, old age and death named in stanza 8.
Key themes
Stanzas 1 and 2 address Shiva as the formless, all-pervading reality beyond speech and knowledge. Stanzas 3 and 4 describe him as snow-white, with the crescent moon, the Ganga, a serpent at his neck, a tiger-skin robe and a garland of skulls, so the hymn holds the formless (nirguna) and embodied (saguna) views together.
Sanskrit within an Avadhi epic
Tulsidas wrote the Ramcharitmanas in the Avadhi dialect of Hindi, but this hymn is in Sanskrit, set at the point in the story where the teacher prays to Shiva. Its Sanskrit verses carry a classical dignity that stands apart from the surrounding folk-language narrative.
Shiva
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