Shani Chalisa
Forty Verses in Praise of Lord Shani
A forty-verse Hindi hymn to Shani Dev, the planetary deity of Saturn, recited on Saturdays to seek his mercy and ease hardship.
Verses
Opening Dohas (Mangalācharaṇa)
Introductory couplets invoking the Guru and Divine grace before the forty chaupais.
Victory to Ganesha, son of Girija, the compassionate giver of auspiciousness; remove the sorrows of the humble, O Lord, and grant them bliss. Victory, victory to Shri Shani Deva, O Lord, hear this prayer, O great king; be gracious, O son of the Sun, and preserve the honor of your devotees.
Verse Dohā
The Forty Verses (Chaupais)
The core forty verses celebrating the divine glory, valour, and boundless compassion of the Lord.
Victory, victory to the compassionate Shani Deva, who ever nurtures and protects his devotees.
Verse 1
Four-armed, his dark form shines resplendent; a jeweled crown adorns his forehead with radiant beauty.
Verse 2
His broad, enchanting forehead is magnificent; his sidelong glance and fierce brows are formidable.
Verse 3
Earrings glitter brilliantly in his ears; a garland of pearls and gems gleams upon his chest.
Verse 4
In his hands he holds a mace, a trident, and an axe; in an instant he destroys his enemies.
Verse 5
Pingala, Krishna, son of Chhaya; Yama, Konastha, Raudra — destroyer of sorrows.
Verse 6
Sauri, Manda, Shani — among his ten names; as son of the Sun (Bhanu), all worship him for the fulfillment of their desires.
Verse 7
On whomever the Lord becomes pleased, that pauper too he makes a king in an instant.
Verse 8
He can see a mountain reduced to a blade of grass, and turn a mere blade of grass into a mountain.
Verse 9
Even as Rama was about to receive the kingdom, he was sent to the forest instead — for Shani clouded Kaikeyi's judgment.
Verse 10
In the forest, a deceptive golden deer was shown, and mother Janaki (Sita) was carried away.
Verse 11
Lakshmana was struck senseless by Shakti's weapon, and an uproar of lamentation arose in the army.
Verse 12
Ravana's fate and intellect became deranged, and he increased his enmity with Ramachandra.
Verse 13
Golden Lanka was reduced to ashes, and the drum of the mighty hero Bajrangbali (Hanuman) resounded.
Verse 14
On King Vikram too you set your foot; a painted peacock swallowed his necklace.
Verse 15
The precious necklace worth nine lakhs brought an accusation of theft upon him, and his hands and feet were bound and broken in fear.
Verse 16
He showed him a grievous and lowly plight, making him work the oil-press in an oil-presser's house.
Verse 17
He offered his prayer in Raga Deepak, and then the Lord, being pleased, granted him happiness.
Verse 18
King Harishchandra's queen was sold, and he himself drew water in an outcaste's house.
Verse 19
Likewise, such an ordeal befell King Nala — even a roasted fish leapt back into the water.
Verse 20
When his influence reached even Shri Shankara's house, it brought Parvati to the depths of grief.
Verse 21
With but a single angry glance, the head of Gauri's son (Ganesha) flew off into the sky.
Verse 22
On the Pandavas also fell your influence; Draupadi narrowly escaped being disrobed.
Verse 23
The Kauravas too had their fate and reason struck down, and thus the great Mahabharata war came to be.
Verse 24
Instantly seizing the Sun in his mouth, he leapt down with him into the netherworld.
Verse 25
Seeing this, Lord Shesha came with a plea, and the Sun was released from that mouth.
Verse 26
The Lord's mounts are seven wise creatures, known to the world: the elephant, donkey, deer, and dog, among others.
Verse 27
The jackal, lion, and other claw-bearing creatures — astrology proclaims their respective results.
Verse 28
When mounted on the elephant, prosperity enters the home; mounted on the horse, he brings happiness and wealth.
Verse 29
On the donkey he brings loss in many undertakings; on the lion he bestows success and royal honor.
Verse 30
On the jackal he destroys one's intellect; on the deer he inflicts suffering, even taking life.
Verse 31
When the Lord arrives mounted on a dog, there is grave fear of theft and the like.
Verse 32
Likewise, his four 'feet' bear these names: gold, iron, silver, and copper.
Verse 33
When the Lord comes upon the iron foot, he causes the destruction of wealth, kin, and prosperity.
Verse 34
The copper and silver feet bring balance and auspiciousness; the golden foot grants every happiness and great good fortune.
Verse 35
Whoever sings this account of Shani's deeds daily will never be troubled by an adverse planetary period.
Verse 36
The wondrous Lord displays his divine play, and he weakens the fortune of one's enemies.
Verse 37
One who calls a learned and competent priest and duly performs the peace-rite for the planet Shani,
Verse 38
and offers water to the peepal tree on Saturday, giving lamps in charity — such a one obtains great happiness.
Verse 39
Says Ram Sunder, the Lord's servant: remembering Shani brings forth the light of happiness.
Verse 40
This recitation of Shanishchar Dev has been prepared in pure, clear form. One who recites it for forty days crosses the ocean of worldly existence. The very praise that Dasharath once offered, standing before Shani, has here been inscribed anew, in sweet and refined language.
Verse 41
Worship Guidelines & Chanting Benefits (Phalashruti)
Daily or auspicious lunar days (Ekadashi, Purnima, Pradosham)
Brahma Muhurta (4:00 AM – 6:00 AM) or Evening Dusk (Sandhya)
Ghee lamp (Deepa), Incense (Dhoopa), Fresh flowers & Water offering
- Peace of mind, spiritual upliftment, and harmonious energy in the home
Background
The Shani Chalisa is part of the broader Chalisa tradition in Hinduism, a genre of devotional poetry typically composed in Awadhi and Hindi. It is traditionally recited on Saturdays (Shanivar), which are considered sacred to Shani Dev, as a form of prayer to seek his mercy and reduce the malefic effects of Saturn in one's horoscope. Its author is not recorded in the earliest manuscripts and remains genuinely anonymous — it is a folk/traditional composition in the wider Navagraha devotional corpus rather than the work of a documented poet-saint. The text is widely venerated across North India and is often chanted during fasting or as part of daily worship. The verses describe Shani's appearance and attributes, and recount stories of his power — the same body of Navagraha mythology (Shani as son of Surya and Chhaya) found scattered across the Puranas — alongside instructions for offerings and the benefits of recitation.
About this Text
Composed by: Ram Sunder Prabhu Das
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Authorship
No single author of the Shani Chalisa is securely documented. Printed and online editions differ in wording, and some carry a closing signature line, so the hymn is best approached as a living devotional tradition of North India rather than the work of one named poet.
Structure
The hymn has forty chaupai (single lines of two half-lines) framed by an opening doha and a closing doha, forty-two verses in all. In this text the chaupai are numbered 1 to 40, with the dohas standing before the first and after the last.
Iconography
Chaupai 2 to 5 picture Shani Dev with four arms, a dark (shyam) complexion and a jeweled crown, a broad forehead and a stern sidelong glance, earrings and garlands of pearls, and a mace, trident and axe in his hands.
Stories recalled
Chaupai 12 to 15 recall King Harishchandra's trials, the trials of King Nala (whose roasted fish leapt back into the water), Rama's exile and the abduction of Sita, and the turning of Ravana's judgment before the burning of Lanka. The episodes themselves are told in the Markandeya Purana, the Nalopakhyana in the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, and the Aranya Kanda of the Valmiki Ramayana; the chalisa recalls them to show that no one is beyond Shani's reach and that surrender wins his mercy.
Observances named in the hymn
Chaupai 18 to 23 mention keeping a Saturday fast, offering sesame and oil, giving a black cow, iron, black gram and black cloth, and singing Shani's aarti. Chaupai 28 promises that reciting the chalisa for forty days brings fulfilment, and the closing doha speaks of crossing the ocean of worldly existence (bhavasagar).
Names and lineage
Chaupai 6 and 7 gather Shani's names, among them Pingala, Manda, Raudra, Yama, Babhru and Sauri, and chaupai 9 calls him the son of Chhaya and of Ravi, the Sun. This matches the wider Navagraha tradition in which Shani is the son of Surya and Chhaya.
Shani
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