The Twin Verses (Yamaka Vagga) from the Dhammapada
The Dhammapada's Yamaka Vagga (verses 1–20) opens the scripture, teaching that mind shapes all experience and that non-hatred, not retaliation, ends enmity.
Verses
All states are preceded by the mind, governed by the mind, and made by the mind. If one speaks or acts with a defiled mind, then suffering follows him as surely as the wheel follows the foot of the ox.
Verse 1
All states are preceded by the mind, governed by the mind, and made by the mind. If one speaks or acts with a serene mind, then happiness follows him like a shadow that never departs.
Verse 2
“He abused me, he struck me, he defeated me, he robbed me”—in those who harbour such thoughts, hatred is never appeased.
Verse 3
“He abused me, he struck me, he defeated me, he robbed me”—in those who do not harbour such thoughts, hatred is peacefully appeased.
Verse 4
For in this world hatred is never appeased by hatred; it is appeased only by freedom from hatred. This is the eternal law.
Verse 5
Those who do not realize that we are all subject to death continue their quarrels. But those who understand this truth settle their disputes.
Verse 6
One who dwells on the pleasant, with senses unrestrained, immoderate in eating, lazy and lacking effort — Mara overcomes such a person, as the wind overcomes a weak tree.
Verse 7
One who dwells on the unpleasant, with senses well restrained, moderate in eating, faithful and diligent — Mara cannot overcome such a person, as the wind cannot shake a mountain.
Verse 8
Whoever, not free from defilements, puts on the yellow robe, lacking self-control and truthfulness — that person is not worthy of the robe.
Verse 9
But whoever has discarded defilements, is well-established in virtue, and endowed with self-control and truthfulness — that person is truly worthy of the robe.
Verse 10
Those who mistake the worthless for the essential and the essential for the worthless, dwelling in wrong thoughts, never reach the essential.
Verse 11
But those who know the essential as essential and the worthless as worthless, dwelling in right thoughts, do reach the essential.
Verse 12
Just as rain penetrates a poorly thatched house, so passion penetrates an undeveloped mind.
Verse 13
Just as rain does not penetrate a well-thatched house, so passion does not penetrate a well-developed mind.
Verse 14
Here he grieves, hereafter he grieves; the evil-doer grieves in both worlds. He grieves and is afflicted, seeing the impurity of his own deeds.
Verse 15
Here he rejoices, hereafter he rejoices; the doer of good rejoices in both worlds. He rejoices and exults, seeing the purity of his own deeds.
Verse 16
Here he suffers, hereafter he suffers; the evil-doer suffers in both worlds. "Evil have I done," thus he suffers; he suffers even more when gone to a woeful state.
Verse 17
Here he delights, hereafter he delights; the doer of good delights in both worlds. "Good have I done," thus he delights; he delights even more when gone to a blissful state.
Verse 18
Though he recites much scripture, if he is heedless and does not act accordingly, he is like a cowherd counting others' cattle — he does not partake of the blessings of the holy life.
Verse 19
Though he recites little scripture, if he lives in accordance with the Dhamma, abandoning passion, hatred, and delusion, with full understanding and a well-liberated mind, clinging to nothing here or hereafter — he indeed partakes of the blessings of the holy life.
Verse 20
Worship Guidelines & Chanting Benefits (Phalashruti)
Daily or auspicious lunar days (Ekadashi, Purnima, Pradosham)
Brahma Muhurta (4:00 AM – 6:00 AM) or Evening Dusk (Sandhya)
Ghee lamp (Deepa), Incense (Dhoopa), Fresh flowers & Water offering
- Peace of mind, spiritual upliftment, and harmonious energy in the home
Background
This chapter belongs to the Pali Dhammapada (Khuddaka Nikaya, Pali Canon), Yamaka Vagga, verses 1–20. The Dhammapada is a collection of sayings attributed to the Buddha, part of the Pali canon (the Tipitaka) of Theravada Buddhism. The 'Twin Verses' chapter is traditionally recited as a foundational text for meditation and moral instruction. It is one of the most widely known Buddhist scriptures, often studied by both monastics and lay followers for its concise and profound guidance.
About this Text
Composed by: Gautama Buddha · Founder of Buddhism · c. 5th–6th century BCE, Northern India/Nepal
Born Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini, he attained enlightenment and spent the rest of his life teaching the Dhamma across northern India. His discourses (Suttas), preserved orally for generations before being written down in the Pali Canon, form the doctrinal foundation of Buddhism.
Did You Know?
Authorship and Origin
The Dhammapada is a collection of sayings attributed to the Buddha, compiled from the Pali Canon around the 1st century BCE. The Yamaka Vagga (Twin Verses) is its opening chapter, establishing the core theme that mind precedes all states and intentions shape experience. The title "Yamaka" refers to the paired nature of the verses, each followed by its opposite.
Structure and Pairing
The chapter contains twenty verses arranged as ten contrasting pairs. For example, verses 1 and 2 describe how a defiled mind leads to suffering (like a cartwheel follows the ox), while a clear mind brings happiness (like an inseparable shadow). This deliberate duality emphasizes the moral causality of thought and action.
Key Teaching on Hatred (Verses 3-5)
Verses 3-5 deliver one of Buddhism's most famous principles: hatred never ceases by hatred, but by love alone—this is an eternal law (sanantana dhamma). The verses urge letting go of resentment by recalling insults ("He abused me, he struck me") to end conflict, directly challenging the cycle of retaliation.
Vivid Metaphors
The teachings are reinforced with striking imagery. Verse 7 compares an undisciplined person to a weak tree easily blown down by Mara (the tempter), while verse 8 contrasts a disciplined person to a solid rock mountain. Verse 13-14 use the metaphor of a poorly vs. well-thatched house being penetrated by rain to illustrate how an untrained mind is vulnerable to passion.
Practice vs. Scholarship (Verses 19-20)
The final pair underscores that reciting many scriptures without practice is fruitless—one is like a cowherd counting others' cows. But even a little learning, if applied by abandoning greed, hatred, and delusion, leads to genuine spiritual attainment. This prioritizes experiential understanding over mere intellectual knowledge.
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